Energy Notes ©Mark Place, 2009-2010 www.LearnEarthScience.com

What’s the difference between kinetic and potential energy? Energy Transfer What’s the difference between kinetic and potential energy? Give a real-life example of each.

THROWING A BOWLING BALL WATER FLOWING IN A RIVER Kinetic Energy energy in motion EXAMPLES SKIING DOWNHILL THROWING A BOWLING BALL WATER FLOWING IN A RIVER

Potential Energy stored energy EXAMPLES AT THE TOP OF A SKI SLOPE WATER BEHIND A DAM

Low K Hi P Unpacked Snow Hi K Low P Low K Friction

Fill in all parts. Kinetic Energy Potential Energy Vocab Maps Fill in all parts. Kinetic Energy Potential Energy

What are the three ways that energy can be transferred between objects? Give one real-life example of each.

Example: occurs in _____________ ________________of molecules conduction solids occurs in _____________ ________________of molecules collision Example:

differences in density convection liquids & gases occurs in _____________________ caused by ____________________ differences in density

convection examples:

travel by _____________ radiation waves travel by _____________ Examples:

From where do convection ovens heat? From the top or the bottom? refrigerators cool? From the top or the bottom?

How are different types of energy told apart? by their wavelengths Which is more powerful? Short or long waves? short

How does energy get from the Sun to the Earth? radiation

Best Absorbers dark & rough Best Reflectors light colored & smooth

A good absorber is a good RADIATOR

Vocabulary Maps

Describe the word TEMPERATURE in relation to molecular motion. Temperature Conversion Describe the word TEMPERATURE in relation to molecular motion. Cold Hot

-1 272 86 303 135 57 30 330 Temperature Conversion Fill in the chart below using your Earth Science Reference Tables Fahrenheit (°F) Celsius (°C) Kelvin (K) 30 330 -1 272 86 303 135 57

At absolute zero, all motion stops. 0oK -273°C -459°F Temperature Conversion What happens to molecular motion at absolute zero? What temperature is this in all temperature scales? At absolute zero, all motion stops. 0oK -273°C -459°F

Electromagnetic Energy can be: Reflected Refracted Transmitted Scattered

Reflected Reflection: Bounced back

Refracted Refraction Bent

Transmitted Transmission Pass through unchanged

Reflected, Refracted and Transmitted Scattered Reflected, Refracted and Transmitted

100 Units 19 Units 6 Units 20 Units 4 Units 51 Units Incoming Solar Radiation 100 Units Absorbed by atmosphere and clouds 19 Units Scattered by atmosphere 6 Units Reflected by clouds 20 Units Reflected from Earth’s surface 4 Units Absorbed at Earth’s surface 51 Units

Vocab Maps

the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of Specific Heat the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance 1°C Please go to Page 1 of the Earth Science Reference Tables

Why does water heat up and cool it has a higher specific heat down slower than land? it has a higher specific heat

the lead because it has a lower specific heat If you heated equal masses of basalt and lead, which one would record a faster increase in temperature? Explain how you know. the lead because it has a lower specific heat

Which Earth material has the greatest specific heat? liquid water

Heating Curve for Water Draw the graph of water heating. Label the following terms in their correct places: condensation, vaporization, solidification, melting. Heat lost vaporization (+2260 J/g) gas 100 condensation ( -2260 J/g) melting (+334 J/g) liquid Temperature (oC) solidification (-334 J/g) solid Heat added

2260 2260 334 334 Check the box which describes whether energy is gained or lost for each process. Process Energy Gained Energy Lost Condensation Evaporation Melting Solidification How many Joules per gram (J/g) are gained or lost by water for each of the following processes? Process Joules / gram Gained Joules / gram Lost Condensation Evaporation Melting Solidification 2260 2260 334 334