Protein Synthesis in Detail

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Presentation transcript:

Protein Synthesis in Detail

The “Central Dogma” of Molecular Genetics DNA  RNA  Protein

What is a Gene? …a segment of DNA that carries the instructions for a protein

Transcription The process of converting the permanent instruction of DNA into the temporary instruction in messenger RNA Takes place in nucleus

Steps of Transcription DNA unwinds in gene region RNA polymerase pairs up RNA bases with one strand of the exposed DNA bases and copies the gene DNA mRNA Adenine = Uracil Cytosine = Guanine Guanine = Cytosine Thymine = Adenine

Transcription http://www.johnkyrk.com/DNAtranscription.html

RNA Splicing In eukaryotes, the RNA transcript is edited before it leaves the nucleus. Introns are removed and exons are spliced together.

Translation The process of converting the temporary instruction of messenger RNA into a chain of amino acids (polypeptide) Takes place on a ribosome

The Genetic Code

Steps of Translation Initiation: the mRNA codon bonds to the anticodon of a transfer RNA (tRNA) that carries methionine

Elongation: the mRNA moves through the ribosome, and new amino acids bond to the previous amino acid creating a polypeptide (protein)

Termination: the ribosome arrives at a "stop" codon and the completed polypeptide is released. http://www.johnkyrk.com/DNAtranslation.html