Pelycosaur cladogram.

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Presentation transcript:

Pelycosaur cladogram

PELYCOSAURIA Ophiacodontidae

PELYCOSAURIA - Varanopseidae

PELYCOSAURIA - Varanopseidae

Pelycosauria - Edaphodauridae

Pelycosauria - Sphenacodontidae Dimetrodon

Pelycosaur “sails” -- allometry and thermoregulation

Pelycosauria - Sphenacodontidae Haptodus -- probable therapsid ancestor

Therapsids “advanced” mammal-like reptiles

CLASS THERAPSIDA Tritylodonts Therocephalians Cynodonts Tetraceratops early Permian, N. Amer. Phthinosuchus late Permian, Asia Dincephalia late Permian, Asia, S Africa Anomodontia Dicynodonts late Permian - mid Triassic world-wide to early Cretaceous? -- Australia Theriodontia Gorgonopsians late Permian, S. Africa, Asia Tritylodonts late Triassic – mid Jurassic Eurasia, S Africa, N & S America Therocephalians late Permian – early Triassic Asia, Africa, Antarctica Cynodonts late Permian – early Jurassic Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Europe, N & S America

Therapsid cladogram

Therapsid evolution CYNOGNATHUS SPHENACODONT PELYCOSAUR ANCESTOR

THERAPSIDA Tetraceratops -- earliest Therapsid

THERAPSIDA Phthinosuchus

THERAPSIDA Dinocephalia Titanophoneus

THERAPSIDA Dinocephalia Estemmenosuchus

THERAPSIDA Dicynodontia Emydops Diictodon Kannemeyeria

THERAPSIDA Dicynodontia Early Cretaceous -- Australia ?

THERAPSIDA Tritylodontia Tritylodon Kayentatherium

THERAPSIDA Gorgonopsia Lycaenops

THERAPSIDA Therocephalia Pristerognathus

THERAPSIDA Cynodontia Thrinaxodon

THERAPSIDA Cynodontia Cynognathus

THERAPSIDA Cynodontia Trithelodonts (Ictidosaurs) late Triassic – early Jurassic

Therapsida – advanced cynodonts Trirachodon Cynognathus

Primitive to advanced cynodonts Kayentatherium early Triassic Probainognathus late Triassic Thrinaxodon Procynosuchus late Permian

Therapsid evolution toward Mammalian grade