WHAT YOU SHOULD ALREADY KNOW! AP CHEMISTRY WHAT YOU SHOULD ALREADY KNOW!

SI SYSTEM Meter – length Liter – volume Kilogram – mass Joule – energy Pascal – pressure Kelvin – temperature Mole – amt of substance

SIG FIGS All non-zeros are significant No significant zeros until you pass a non-zero Ex: 0.003 one sig fig To be significant, zero must follow BOTH a non-zero AND a decimal Ex: 0.0030 two sig figs (last zero is significant) - zeros are also significant when between non-zeros Ex: 101 three sig figs

FACTOR LABEL CONVERSIONS Can be used for any conversion Ratio is always what you want over what you have Units must match top to bottom so they cancel Ex: see board

TEMPERATURE CONVERSIONS FAHRENHEIT TO CELSIUS (TF – 32) 5/9 = TC CELSIUS TO FAHRENHEIT (TC x 9/5) + 32 = TF CELSIUS TO KELVIN oC + 273 = K KELVIN TO CELSIUS K – 273 = oC

PARTICLES AND COMPOUNDS Elements – made up of one type of representative particle = atom Ionic cmpds – made up of ions, representative particle = formula unit, high mp, electrolytes in aqueous sol’n or molten Covalent cmpds – no ions, representative particle = molecule, low mp, nonelectrolytes

MATTER ELEMENTS CMPDS MIXTURES SEPARATION TECHNIQUES HETEROGENEOUS HOMOGENEOUS SOLUTION SEPARATION TECHNIQUES

THE ATOM DALTON THOMSON RUTHERFORD BOHR MILLIKAN SCHRODINGER QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL

PERIODIC TABLE METALS NONMETALS METALLOIDS GROUPS PERIODS ALKALI METALS ALKALINE EARTH METALS TRANSITION METALS HALOGENS NOBLE GASES RARE EARTH ELEMENTS

COMPOUNDS WRITING FORMULAS NAMING IONIC (METAL + NON) METAL KEEPS NAME BINARY = 2 ELEMENTS TERNARY = 3 OR MORE CRISS CROSS CHARGES MAY CONTAIN A POLYATOMIC ION ACIDS START WITH HYDROGEN NAMING METAL KEEPS NAME NONMETAL CHANGES END TO –IDE POLYATOMIC IONS KEEP NAME

COMPOUNDS (PT 2) COVALENT WRITING FORMULAS NAMING 2 OR MORE NONMETALS NO CHARGES = NO CRISS CROSS USE PREFIXES TO DETERMINE SUBSCRIPTS NAMING NAME FIRST WITH PREFIX UNLESS MONO NAME SECOND, USING PREFIX, CHANGING END TO -IDE

CHEMICAL EQUATIONS WRITING BALANCING PREDICTING PRODUCTS BASED ON TYPE SYNTHESIS DECOMPOSITION SINGLE REPLACEMENT DOUBLE REPLACEMENT COMBUSTION