The Human Body: Anatomical Regions and Directions

Bell Work 3-14-18 Name the three types of muscles? What type of muscle attaches to bone and allows for movement? What are the involuntary muscles? What muscle straightens the ankle joint so you can stand on tiptoes? What muscle holds and rotates your shoulders and moves your head back and sideways?

Standard 10) Investigate the basic principles of kinesiology and relate in an informational paper, brochure, or presentation the connection to disease/disorder prevention. Address at minimum: movements of joints and bones, planes, directional terms, body motions, motions between joint articular surfaces, mechanisms of joints and biomechanical levers.

Objectives At the conclusion of this lesson I CAN: Model the anatomical position Differentiate between various directional terms and model their position Identify the body planes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kvHWnJwBkmo

Why do we need to learn body directions?

Anatomical Position Body erect Feet slightly apart Palms facing forward Thumbs point away from body Figure 1.7a

Directional Terms anterior posterior lateral cephalad cephalic superior cranial posterior anterior lateral proximal inferior caudal caudad medial distal Unit III

Medial Toward the midline of the body Lateral Away from the midline of the body Proximal Toward a reference point (extremity) Distal Away from a reference point (extremity) Inferior Lower or below Superior Upper or above Cephalad or Cranial Head Caudal or Caudad Tail, tail end Anterior Toward the front Posterior Toward the back Dorsal Ventral

Directional Terms Table 1.1

Directional Terms Table 1.1

PARTNERS 1 Lateral to the heart Proximal to the knee Inferior to the neck On the anterior side of the body Distal to the elbow Posterior side of the hand

Partners 2 Inferior to the heart Distal to the knee On the posterior side of the neck Medial to the lungs Superior to the waist On the anterior side of the arm

Body Planes Sagittal – divides the body into right and left parts Frontal or coronal – divides the body into anterior and posterior parts Transverse or horizontal (cross section) – divides the body into superior and inferior parts

Body Planes and Sections The body may be sectioned (cut) along a flat surface called a plane. The three most common planes are: Sagittal (Median) plane (cuts body into left & right) Frontal (coronal) plane (cuts body into front & back) Transverse plane (cross section) (cuts body into superior & inferior parts) Sagittal – think twins

Body Planes Figure 1.8

Body Planes and Sections Which plane could be used to separate the hemispheres of the brain? the top and bottom of the kidney? Which plane could be used to separate the anterior and posterior parts of the body? Use full sentences

Body Planes and Sections Which plane could be used to separate the hemispheres of the brain? sagittal the top and bottom of the kidney? transverse The anterior and posterior parts of the body? frontal Use full sentences

Play Dough Make three little men