Unit 4: Fresh Water Surface Water

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Presentation transcript:

Unit 4: Fresh Water Surface Water Fresh vs. Salt Water River Systems

Background Information on Water Water = largest agent (cause) of erosion Earth’s water is categorized by its salinity: Fresh water = 3% Salt water = 97% Divided into surface and ground water

Uses of Freshwater Agriculture/Irrigation Uses the most fresh water (globally) Growing crops and raising animals Reduces amount available for natural ecosystems Industry/factories Drinking Must be purified to make potable water

Uses of Freshwater Transportation Recreation Enjoyable activities Changes/reduces natural habitat Can be polluted by fuels, waste, & other substances

Part of the Cape Fear River Basin Parts of River Systems Part of the Cape Fear River Basin 1 River basin: area of land, streams, tributaries that all drain into 1 river Many watersheds: areas of land that drains into 1 small water body (stream, tributary, pond, etc) Aquifers: underground areas of high permeability where water is stored

River Characteristics: Channel Shape vs. Age Straight & Steep Youngest—little edge erosion Gently Sloped & Meandering (aka lots of curves/bends) Older—time for erosion to make the curves Flat with Oxbow lakes (aka crescent-shaped lakes along edge) Oldest—time for erosion to make bends and then block them off)

River Characteristics: Headlands vs. Mouth Rivers flow from high to low elevation Headlands Start of river in mountains Steep, narrow, straight, V-shaped channel Cold, fast-moving water Mouth End of river as it joins a lake or ocean Flat, wide, meandering, U-shaped channel Warm, slow-moving water

River/Stream Characteristics: Load How much sediment the stream can move: In solution/Dissolved Load—dissolved particles throughout water Suspended Load—particles carried along in the water Bed Load—particles that bounce/drag along the bottom of the river Bed-on bottom

River/Stream Characteristics: Load Load capacity depends mostly on river velocity (aka speed) Faster water moves more sediment (and slower moves less)