Spotlight on Obesity and Weight Management

Obesity as a Behavioral Problem People respond differently to different strategies and different situations Obesity rates in the U.S. have increased dramatically in the past three decades Adults Children

Factors in the Development of Obesity Biological Factors Fat Cell Development Hypercellular obesity Hypertrophic obesity Hyperplastic obesity

Factors in the Development of Obesity Biological Factors Sex and Age Race and Ethnicity

Factors in the Development of Obesity Social and Environmental Factors Socioeconomic Status Food insecurity Level of education Environment Where you live Build environment

Factors in the Development of Obesity Lifestyle and Behavior Factors How Often Do You Eat Out? Our Social Networks

Factors in the Development of Obesity Social and environmental Factors Lack of Physical Activity Psychological Factors Emotional Eating Restrained eaters Binge eaters

Childhood Overweight Let’s Move! Childhood and Teenage Obesity: “The First Generation That Does Not Outlive Its Parents”

Health Risks of Overweight and Obesity Hypertension Heart disease and stroke Diabetes Cancer Sleep apnea Osteoarthritis Gout Gallbladder disease

Obesity Is a Preventable National Crisis Acceptable methods for weight loss and management Dietary interventions, physical activity, behavior and environmental modifications, surgical and pharmacological treatments

Weight Management The Perception of Weight Linked to popular culture Standards have changed with time, with thinness increasingly valued

Weight Management What Goals Should I Set? Focus on living a lifestyle that includes Eating moderate amounts of healthful foods Getting plenty of exercise Thinking positively Learning to cope with stress

Weight Management Adopting a Healthy Weight-Management Lifestyle Permanent healthy behaviors needed for long-term weight management lifestyle

Weight Management Diet and Eating Habits Total Calories Lose weight by consuming fewer calories than you expend Crash Diets Don’t Work Balancing Energy Sources: Fat Reducing fat can limit total calories

Weight Management Diet and Eating Habits Balancing Energy Sources: Carbohydrates Provide important nutrients But watch portion sizes and limit high-fat accompaniments Balancing Energy Sources: Protein High-protein diets typically restrict types of foods consumed, which is true source of any weight loss

Weight Management Diet and Eating Habits Eating Habits Don’t skip meals—eat regularly “Everything in moderation”

Weight Management Physical Activity Vital component of weight management Discourages overeating by reducing stress Regular exercise of moderate intensity provides substantial health benefits

Weight Management Thinking and Emotions Negative emotions can undermine healthy lifestyle Positive self-talk is encouraged

Weight Management Thinking and Emotions Stress Management ABC model of behavior

Weight Management Thinking and Emotions Balancing Acceptance and Change Self-acceptance necessary Self-acceptance ≠ complacency

Weight Management Weight-Management Approaches Self-Help Books and Manuals Meal Replacements Self-Help Groups Commercial Programs Professional Private Counselors Food and Drug Administration-Approved Weight-Loss Medications

Weight Management Weight-Management Approaches Over-the-Counter Drugs and Dietary Supplements Used for Weight Loss Surgery

Underweight Diverse Causes Altered response to hunger and appetite Factors in eating disorders Metabolic and hereditary factors Psychological and emotional stress Addiction to alcohol and street drugs Bizarre diet patterns

Underweight Weight-Gain Strategies Have small, frequent meals Drink fluids at the end of the meal Try high-calorie weight-gain beverages and foods Use timers or other cues to prompt eating Take a balanced vitamin/mineral supplement