4/12/2017 Have out Do Now: Outcomes: I can describe how  major issues at the Constitutional Convention help explain the Civil War  I can analyze and evaluate the early attempts to abolish or contain slavery and to realize the ideals of the Declaration of Independence and their impact on growing sectional tensions in the mid 1800s. I can describe the role of the Northwest Ordinance and its effects on the banning of slavery. 4/12/2017 Have out CH 21 Vocab, Amendment Assignment (make 2 piles to turn in) –Is your name on them? Textbook (p 401) Do Now: Study the timeline (record your responses on the back) What events do you recognize? What do you already know about them? What events are you most interested in? What would you like to know about them?

Ch 21 Preview: Read except from Lincoln’s House Divided speech Complete the questions

Background: On June 16, 1858, more than 1,000 Republican delegates met in the Springfield, Illinois, statehouse for the Republican State Convention. At 5:00 p.m. they chose Abraham Lincoln as their candidate for the U.S. Senate, running against Democrat Stephen A. Douglas. At 8:00 p.m. Lincoln delivered this address to his Republican colleagues in the Hall of Representatives. The title reflects part of the speech's introduction, "A house divided against itself cannot stand.” The best-known passage of the speech is: “A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure, permanently, half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved — I do not expect the house to fall — but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing or all the other. Either the opponents of slavery will arrest the further spread of it, and place it where the public mind shall rest in the belief that it is in the course of ultimate extinction; or its advocates will push it forward, till it shall become lawful in all the States, old as well as new — North as well as South.”

House Divided Speech Who was the speaker? What was the Occasion? Who was the Audience? What was the message? (Summarize the main points) Why was this speech significant?

21.1 Introduction (p. 401) What questions was the nation trying to avoid? Why could this question no longer be ignored? What new problems were created by compromise?

Balance of Power The divisions in the United States in the mid-1800s were about: States’ Rights and Political Power Slavery was the face of these differences, but NOT the cause of these differences. WRAP 21.2

North (Free) South (Slave) Industrial Urban Wage labor High Tariffs Powerful national gov South (Slave) Agricultural Rural Slave labor Low tariffs States’ Rights (powerful state gov)

Congress: (Great Compromise) House of Representatives: Votes are based on population Urban North has more votes Senate: Every state has 2 Senators 11 Free states have 22 votes 11 slave states have 22 votes Northwest Ordinance of 1787- how to add new states, banned slavery north of Ohio River, Congress maintained an unspoken rule of keeping an equal # of free and slave states 1819- Missouri applies for statehood, threatens to tip power balance…

Tallmadge Amendment Law suggested in 1819 that said: Missouri could only enter the Union as a Free state Passed in the House of Reps (north had more votes) Blocked in the Senate (north and south have equal votes) Never became law This was a WARNING to the south (they must keep the balance of power or the North would have the power to pass laws against southern interests!) WRAP Read 21.3

Missouri Compromise 1820 Missouri would enter Union as a Slave State Maine would enter Union as a Free State This would maintain the balance of power in the Senate 12 to 12 3. 36* 30’ line: and imaginary line drawn across Louisiana territory North of the line slavery was banned South of the line slavery was allowed This kept the country together but few were pleased WRAP read 21.4

Gag Rule The growing Abolition movement of the 1830s pressured Congress to interfere with slavery Congress believed it didn’t have the power to interfere During the 1830s Congress tabled all talk of slavery and refused to take up any debate on the topic of slavery This worked to hold the country together, but only until new Territories were added to the country in the 1840s.

Wilmot Proviso A suggested law in 1846 To prohibit slavery in territories added to the United States as a result of the Mexican-American War Passed in the House of Reps (north had more votes) Blocked in the Senate (north and south have equal votes) Never became law This was a WARNING to the south (they must keep the balance of power or the North would have the power to pass laws against southern interests)

1849 California Applies for Statehood Settled during the gold rush The people of California do not own slaves Southern states fearing a loss of power reject the request Dead lock

Why was maintaining an equal number of free and slave states so important to the south in the mid-1800s, that they threatened secession every time the balance was threatened? Support your answer with specific events from the mid-1800s that demonstrate the danger the south faced if they are out numbered.

The Senate Debates California statehood Discuss these questions. Make sure everyone in at your table can answer them from the perspective you have been assigned How do you think Congress should settle the issue of slavery? What do you think Congress should do about fugitive slaves? Should California be granted statehood? Why or why not? Will the admission of California into the Union keep the country together or pull it apart? Why?