Do Now Sit SILENTLY, stay silent, and answer the following questions in your notes please. Describe estuaries and explain their importance. What part of the water cycle can cause an estuary to become polluted? Explain the process of upwelling and explain why it is essential to life. How is upwelling increased in estuaries?

Lifestyles In Ocean Zones

Ocean Zones (shoreline to open ocean) Intertidal Zone Neritic Zone Oceanic Zone Benthic Zone

Intertidal Zone Neritic Zone Oceanic Zone Continental Shelf Sunlight Continental Shelf Benthic Zone

Intertidal Zone Area between high tide line and low tide line Organisms adapted to harsh, changing environments Intertidal Zone Continental Shelf

Neritic Zone Area over the continental shelf Continental shelf – The outer edge of a continent Area of greatest density and diversity of marine life Neritic Zone Continental Shelf

Oceanic Zone From the end of the continental shelf out to open ocean

Benthic Zone The Ocean Floor Underlies all the other zones

Stop and Check #1 Which zone has the biggest diversity of life? Why do you think that is?

Ocean Zones from Surface to Floor Now we are going to look at ocean zones from the surface to the floor and the ocean life that lives in them.

Epipelagic Zone Mesopelagic Zone 200 Bathypelagic Zone Abyssopelagic Zone Hadopelagic Zone 1000 4000 6000 11,000

Ocean Zones (surface to ocean floor) Epipelagic Zone Photic Zone or Sunlight Zone Mesopelagic Zone Disphotic Zone or Twilight Zone Bathypelagic Zone Aphotic zone or Midnight Zone Abyssopelagic Zone Aphotic Zone or Midnight Zone Hadopelagic Zone

Epipelagic Zone Photic Zone Enough sunlight for photosynthesis Primary area of food production From surface down to about 200 meters 0m Epipelagic Zone 200m Sunlight Zone Photic Zone

Stop and check #2 Why would this be the best place for food production to take place?

Mesopelagic Zone Dysphotic Zone Not enough sunlight to support photosynthesis From about 200 m down to 1,000 m Mesopelagic Zone 200m 1,000m

Stop and check #3 Would you find more or less life in this level? Why?

Midnight Zones No sunlight From 1,000 m down to ocean floor, or around 11,000 m Low density and diversity of marine life 1,000m Midnight Zone 11,000m

Bathypelagic Zone No sunlight From 1,000 m down to 4,000 m Low density and diversity of marine life 1,000m Bathypelagic Zone 4,000m

Abyssopelagic Zone No sunlight From 4,000 m down to 6,000 m Low density and diversity of marine life 4,000m Abyssopelagic Zone 6,000m

Hadopelagic Zone No sunlight From 6,000 m down to ocean floor, or around 11,000 m Low density and diversity of marine life 6,000m Hadopelagic Zone 11,000m

Stop and check #4 In the midnight zones, why is there less abundance and diversity of life? What process by microbes has to occur for the food chain to be productive at these depths? Where do they get their nutrients from?

Lifestyles in the Zones 3 Basic Lifestyles: Plankton Nekton Benthos

Plankton Floaters or very poor swimmers Plankton divided into 2 groups: Phytoplankton – producers, photosynthesizers Zooplankton – consumers

Stop and check #5 Where do the 2 types of plankton get their energy from?

Phytoplankton Must live in the photic zone Most abundant in shallow coastal areas or in upwelling zones The basis of the oceanic food web

Nekton (swimmers) Free swimmers Maneuver actively in the water column Found in the water column from surface to ocean floor

Nekton (swimmers) 5 Categories: Reptiles Mammals Fish Arthropods Mollusks

Nekton (swimmers) Marine Reptiles: Turtles Snakes Crocodiles Iguanas

Nekton (swimmers) Marine Mammals: Whales Seals Otters Manatees Dolphins

Nekton (swimmers) Bony Fish: Tuna Barracuda Eels Angler Fish

Nekton (swimmers) Cartilaginous Fish Sharks Rays Skates

Nekton (swimmers) Marine Arthropods Shrimp Mollusks Squid Octopi

Benthos (bottom dwellers) Live either on or attached to the bottom Primarily filter feeders or scavengers

Benthos (bottom dwellers) 2 Basic Types: Sessile - Live attached to the bottom Vagrant - Able to move about

Benthos (bottom dwellers) Sessile: Barnacles Sponges Corals Sea Anemones Oysters Clams

Benthos (bottom dwellers) Vagrant: Crabs Sea Stars Sea Cucumbers Sea Urchins Brittle Stars

Exit Ticket Why is the biggest diversity of life located in shallow water or close to the shore? How do the creatures living in the deeper benthos layers get their food? Why are phytoplankton essential to life in the ocean?