Learning Goal : Students will be able to explain the events that led to the Civil Rights Movement: - Nonviolent protests - Jim Crow Laws – literacy test, poll taxes, Grandfather Clause - Civil Rights Movement (i.e., Martin Luther King, Jr., Rosa Parks) - Desegregation - military, schools, transportation, sports - Plessy v. Ferguson - Brown v. Board of Education Scale: 4 3 2 1 In addition to a 3 student was be able to explain and analyze the events that led to the Civil Rights Movement: Student was able to explain the events that led to the Civil Rights Movement: Student was able to identify the events that led to the Civil Rights Movement: Student was able to partially identify the events that led to the Civil Rights Movement:

Civil War Amendments furthered civil rights for African Americans. Jim Crow Era Civil War Amendments furthered civil rights for African Americans. 13th- Ends Slavery 14th- Equal protection under the law, and citizenship for former slaves. 15th- African- American males receive the right to vote. 13th Amendment

Jim Crow Laws- Laws meant to keep the races separate- segregation Jim Crow Era Jim Crow Laws- Laws meant to keep the races separate- segregation laws. Blacks and whites attended separate schools, and had their own sections in restaurants and public places. The term Jim Crow is believed to have originated around 1830 when a white, minstrel show performer, Thomas "Daddy" Rice, blackened his face with charcoal paste or burnt cork and danced a ridiculous jig while singing the lyrics to the song, "Jump Jim Crow." Rice created this character after seeing (while traveling in the South) a crippled, elderly black man (or some say a young black boy) dancing and singing a song ending with these chorus words: "Weel about and turn about and do jis so, Eb'ry time I weel about I jump Jim Crow."

The primary purpose was to keep the races separated. Another Jim Crow Era The primary purpose was to keep the races separated. Another purpose was to intimidate African-Americans. This was especially true in the area of voting. Many Jim Crow laws tried to prevent African Americans from voting or registering to vote. Literacy tests and poll taxes were common Jim Crow laws that were created to stop African-Americans from voting. Two women attempting to register during a voting rights drive in Selma, Alabama.

Plessy v. Ferguson- This case established the idea that segregation Jim Crow Era Plessy v. Ferguson- This case established the idea that segregation was lawful. Established the doctrine of “separate but equal”. Public facilitates were supposed to be the same quality for whites and blacks. Marker placed at Press and Royal Streets on February 12, 2009 commemorating the planned arrest of Homer Plessy June 17, 1892 for violating the Louisiana 1890 Separate Car Act.

Black Codes- A body of laws, statutes, and rules enacted by Jim Crow Era Black Codes- A body of laws, statutes, and rules enacted by southern states immediately after the Civil War to regain control over the freed slaves, maintain white supremacy, and ensure the continued supply of cheap labor.

Non-Violent Protest and Civil Disobedience Peaceful protesting. This goes along with the 1st Amendment and a citizen’s right to peacefully protest the government. Examples- marches, strikes, petitions… Civil Disobedience is a protest strategy where you purposely break a law that you feel is unfair, and allow yourself to be arrested/ punished as a way to draw public attention to that law. Gandhi used non-violent protest and civil disobedience during India’s struggle for freedom from Great Britain Dr. Rev. Martin Luther King was inspired by Gandhi’s efforts and started to use his tactics to protest here un the U.S.

Brown v. Board of Education What policy did Brown v. Board of Education (1954) overturn? This case overturned Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) and the doctrine of “separate but equal”. This case allowed for the integration of public schools. NAACP lawyer and future associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, Thurgood Marshall argued the case. “We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of “separate but equal” has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.”- Chief Justice Earl Warren Chief Justice Earl Warren Associate Justice Thurgood Marshall

Brown v. Board of Education This case open the door to challenge all segregation laws. It help to foster the idea that all Americans are entitled to equal access to public facilities.

Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott She refused to give up her seat on a public bus to a white person in Montgomery, AL. As a result she was arrested. African-American churches, the NAACP, E.D. Nixon, local news media, and Dr. Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. came to her defense. This began the Montgomery Bus Boycott. For over a year African-Americans refused to ride on the public buses, thus costing the bus company profits. Eventually, a federal court ruled the Alabama law allowing segregation on buses to be unconstitutional.

Dr. Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. Dr. Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. was the leader of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). He found this group during the Montgomery Bus Boycott. This organization used civil disobedience (intentionally breaking laws and accepting the punishment to show others they are unfair) and non-violent protests as a way to draw attention to the plight of African-Americans. Dr. Rev. Martin Luther King Jr.