Earth Quakes Tectonics NOTES page 3 ©Mark Place, 2008-2009 www.LearnEarthScience.com

Key Concepts & Questions What is the driving force behind crustal movement ?

Driving Force = Convection Currents in the Mantle

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Key Concepts & Questions What provides the energy for this force? radioactive decay

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Key Concepts & Questions What are the different types of earthquake waves? And how do they travel?

Key Concepts & Questions p-waves Travel Through Anything primary waves push-pull waves fastest waves

Key Concepts & Questions s-waves Travels Through Solids Only secondary waves shear waves slow

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Key Concepts & Questions Where can most earthquake epicenters and volcanoes be found?

How does this compare with page 5 of the ESRTs?

Key Concepts & Questions at plate boundaries

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Seismometer (copy down)

Seismogram

To find an earthquake’s epicenter a seismologist Key Concepts & Questions To find an earthquake’s epicenter a seismologist must have data from at least how many locations?

At least three EQ Interactive demo

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Key Concepts & Questions How can scientists infer the properties of Earth’s interior?

1- by the refraction & speed of EQ waves 2- Earth's magnetic field 3- meteorite composition

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Key Concepts & Questions How do scientists know that Earth’s inner core is solid?

1- by the refraction and speed of P-waves

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Key Concepts & Questions What can people do to protect themselves DURING an earthquake? What you can do!!

stand against interior wall get under desk/table stand against interior wall stay away from windows

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Key Concepts & Questions What is the Richter Scale and how is it used?

a measure of earthquake energy (magnitude) used to compare earthquakes

Richter Scale - each whole number is an increase of 30X energy

EQ Energy (the atomic bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima at the end of WW2, was 15,000 tons (of TNT).

Mercalli Scale The effect of an earthquake on the Earth's surface is called the intensity. The intensity scale consists of a series of certain key responses such as people awakening, movement of furniture, damage to chimneys, and finally - total destruction. It does not have a mathematical basis; instead it is an arbitrary ranking based on observed effects.

NY Prepare - web

NYS prepare

Earth Quake Reference Table Questions

3600 kms If a p-wave arrives five minutes before the s-wave arrives, how many kilometers from the epicenter is a location? 3600 kms

4800 kms If a p-wave arrives at 12:10:00 and the s-wave arrives at 12:16:20, how many kilometers from the epicenter is a location? 4800 kms

9:04:20 An earthquake epicenter is 2600 kilometers from a location. If the p-wave arrives at 9:00:20, what time will the s-wave arrive? 9:04:20

1:13:20 An earthquake epicenter is 5200 kilometers from a location. If the s- wave arrives at 1:20:20, what time did the p-wave arrive? 1:13:20

3200 kms 4:40 later If a p-wave arrives 6 mins after an earthquake occurs, how many kilometers is the location from the epicenter? How long after the p- wave arrives will the s-wave arrive? 3200 kms 4:40 later

EQ slide table - link