4.6 Investigating Weather

There are many tools we use to determine the weather

A thermometer measures the temperature of the air

A water gauge measures how much water fell as rain or snow

An anemometer measures the speed of the wind

A barometer measures air pressure

Meteorologists use the data they collect with these instruments to predict our weather

Air pressure - Half of the air making up our atmosphere is squished down into the first three layers, and 90% of the atmosphere is squished into the first 10 miles (16km). Above this altitude the air is so thin that the pressure is even less than that of the best vacuums on the surface of the Earth.

What is a High Pressure System What is a High Pressure System? A high pressure system is a whirling mass of cool, dry air that generally brings fair weather and light winds. When viewed from above, winds spiral out of a high-pressure center in a clockwise rotation in the Northern Hemisphere. These bring sunny skies. A high pressure system is represented as a big, blue H.

What is a Low Pressure System What is a Low Pressure System? A low pressure system is a whirling mass of warm, moist air that generally brings stormy weather with strong winds. When viewed from above, winds spiral into a low-pressure center in a counterclockwise rotation in the Northern Hemisphere. A low pressure system is represented as a big, red L.

What is an air mass? An air mass is an extremely large body of air whose properties of temperature and moisture content (humidity), at any given altitude, are fairly similar in any horizontal direction. Air masses can cover large (hundreds of miles) areas. Air masses can control the weather for a relatively long time period: from a period of days, to months.

What is a front? A front is a boundary between two different air masses, resulting in stormy weather. A front usually is a line of separation between warm and cold air masses.

When warm air rises, cold air moves in replacing the warm air When warm air rises, cold air moves in replacing the warm air. This movement of air is what we call wind.

There are 4 different cloud formations you should know There are 4 different cloud formations you should know. Cirrus clouds are wispy/feathery and they mean nice weather is coming our way

Stratus clouds are grayish clouds that often cover the entire sky Stratus clouds are grayish clouds that often cover the entire sky. They resemble fog that doesn't reach the ground. Light mist or drizzle sometimes falls out of these clouds.

Cumulus clouds are white, puffy clouds that look like pieces of floating cotton. These clouds grow upward and they can develop into giant cumulonimbus clouds, which are thunderstorm clouds.

Cumulonimbus clouds are thunderstorm clouds Cumulonimbus clouds are thunderstorm clouds. High winds can flatten the top of the cloud into an anvil-like shape. Cumulonimbus clouds are associated with heavy rain, snow, hail, lightning and even tornadoes.

Can you name these clouds?

The basic ingredients used to make a thunderstorm are moisture, unstable air and lift. You need moisture to form clouds and rain. You need unstable air that is relatively warm and can rise rapidly.

Hurricanes gather heat and energy through contact with warm ocean waters. Evaporation from the seawater increases their power.

Most tornadoes form from thunderstorms Most tornadoes form from thunderstorms. You need warm, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico and cool, dry air from Canada. When these two air masses meet, they create instability in the atmosphere.