Types of Synovial Joints

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Presentation transcript:

Today’s Objective: Identify four types of synovial joints and their common mechanisms of injuries.

Types of Synovial Joints Ball and Socket Shoulder and hip Allows all motion Gliding Non-axial joint Carpal/tarsals

Types of Synovial Joints 3. Hinge Uniaxial joint Knee/elbow Flexion/extension 4. Saddle Biaxial joint Allows two motions Flexion/extension, ab/adduction, circumducion

Synovial Joint Injuries Sprain MOI = traumatic joint twist that results in ligamentous/capsule tearing Grade 1 = pain, no instability, little swelling Grade 2 = pain, moderate instability, swelling Grade 3 = pain, instability, possible subluxation, gross swelling 5. Acute synovitis Injured synovial membrane in conjunction with sprain

Synovial Joint Injuries 6. Subluxation Partial separation between two articulating bones 7. Dislocation Complete disunion between two articulating bones

Synovial Chronic Joint Injuries 8. Osteochodrosis Degenerative changes in the ossification centers of the bone ends (epiphysis) Common in children during growth spurts Causes: Avascular necrosis Trauma causing articular cartilage fx

Synovial Chronic Joint Injuries 9. Traumatic arthritis Trauma to articular surfaces and structures causes thickening of bone and synovium Pain, muscle spasm, and crepitus Weakened ligaments and loose bodies are possible 10. Bursitis Inflamed bursa due to constant pressure or trauma from overused muscles and/or tendons May lead to a calcific bursa

Synovial Chronic Joint Injuries 11. Capsulitis Inflammation of capsule following repeated microtrauma Associated with synovitis 12. Synovitis Joint congestion with edema Synovial membrane becomes thickened and degenerative Restricts movements