The Great Depression Around the Globe 1929-1941

The Crash of ‘29 U.S. economy weakened by end of 1920’s Trigger for Depression was the crash of the NYSE in1929 Global impact by 1931

The Crisis Spreads Industrial export-based economies like Germany and Japan were affected most Non-industrialized regions that exported raw materials (Africa, Asia, Latin America) also suffered S. African economy boomed due to worldwide demand for gold

Responses to the Depression Govt’s adopted unprecedented measures to deal w/bank failures, unemployment, etc. British, French, American govt’s all intervened in their economies, but stayed democratic Italy, Japan, Germany became authoritarian, sought solutions through military expansion

The Stalin Revolution Joseph Stalin, Lenin’s successor, made himself dictator of the USSR in the 1930’s Soviet economy grew during 30’s as a result of Stalin’s 5 Year Plans

Cultivate Vegetables!-1930 Help Build Gigantic Factories!-1929

Many landowning peasants resisted agricultural collectivization 8 million were arrested, many executed Famine of 1933-34 caused the deaths of 5 million more

Purges of the 1930’s were designed to eliminate all threats to Stalin’s power Millions were sent to gulags By the end of the 1930’s, USSR was the 3rd largest economy in the world

The Rise of Fascism Fascist states developed in Italy (1922) under Mussolini and Germany (1933) under Hitler Dictatorship, extreme nationalism, anti-communism, and military expansion characterized both

What is fascism? A modern political ideology that seeks to regenerate the social, economic, and cultural life of a country by basing it on a sense of national belonging or ethnic identity. Historians disagree about its application – only specific to a single person? Or can it be more broadly interpreted? Italy, Germany, Japan, China

Benito Mussolini - Italy Before & during most of WWI – journalist Support the worker Becomes a socialist, but is kicked out of the Italian Socialist Party Creates the National Fascist Party in1921 Consolidation of Power

Adolf Hitler - Germany Member of army during WWI Post WWI – Joined the German Workers Party Economic Disorder Nazi Party Anti-Semitism & Discrimination Lebensraum Sudetenland

Japan’s aggression Road to liberalization Great Depression & response Take over part of China - Manchukuo

Causes of WWII Treaty of Versailles Failure of the League of Nations War Guilt Clause Reparations Disarmament Territorial Clauses Not all countries join The League had no power The League had no army Unable to act quickly