The Nez Perce Moving to Canada By: Katie, Andrew, Mizuki, and Maya

Who was Involved? The Nez Perce Tribe Chief Joseph Settlers General Howard Toohulhulsote Looking glass

Background Information The Nez Perce tribe was in eastern Oregon and Idaho Chief Joseph was a leader of the Nez Perce tribe The settlers that we refer to are the settlers that were in the territory already occupied by the Nez Perce General Howard was a US troop leader who had been in many wars and battles before

Cause of the Event Nez Perce had guaranteed land that was given to them in an 1855 treaty White settlement increased Chief Joseph refused to go

Overview of Event 1877-Chief Joseph and his followers went to seek refuge (safe or sheltered) in Canada. With U.S. Army troops behind them, they traveled for 4 months They traveled across 1,000 miles of land There was very rough terrain

Overview of Event (continued) Cold (little blankets) People dying When they were 40 miles from the border, the troops caught up with them Good fighters

Outcome The Nez Perce then surrendered Made his speech of surrender at Bear Paw Around 20-25 Nez Perce were killed 50-60 were wounded Many settlers were killed too Showed how good the Nez Perce were at fighting

Surrender Quote “Tell General Howard I know his Heart. What He told me before I have in my heart. I am tired of fighting.  Our chiefs are killed.  Looking Glass is dead.  Toohulhulsote is dead.  The old men are all dead.  It is the young men who say yes or no. He who led the young men is dead.      It is cold and we have no blankets.  The little children are freezing to death.  My people, some of them, have run away to the hills and have no blankets, no food.  No one knows where they are--perhaps freezing to death.  I want to have time to look for my children and see how many I can find.  Maybe I shall find them among the dead.      Hear me, my chiefs.  I am tired.  My heart is sick and sad.  From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever.

Outcome (continued) “I will fight no more forever” Kansas Present day Oklahoma The tribe returned to Washington Chief Joseph wanted to return to Oregon’s Wallowa River Valley but was denied He eventually died on a reservation in Washington