By: Danielle Walters-Carder Ryan Warrick Reproductive System By: Danielle Walters-Carder Ryan Warrick

Note Guide Anything highlighted in blue is important, you should likely know it. Anything in red are key terms. Anything else, is filler.

Gametogenesis This is a process that occurs within the gonads -Gonads are another term for genitalia Gametogenesis is meiosis that results in the production of gametes from germ cells. * The two types of Gametogenesis are Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis.

Oogenesis Occurs within a woman’s ovaries, and it results in the production of an egg, and three polar bodies The process begins when the female is an embryo, all primary oocytes form before birth and remain ‘frozen’ in this stage indefinitely.

Cont After puberty has begun, each month I primary oocyte completes meiosis one and begin meiosis II Meiosis II can only be completed after fertilization Characterized by unequal division of cytoplasm

Spermatogenesis This process occurs in the testes in the somniferous tubules. This results in the production of 4 sperm Produced constantly after puberty Sperm matures in the epididymis and gain motility

Male reproductive system Testes- where spermatogenesis takes place Epididymis- where sperm mature When sperm leaves the body it will go up the vas deferens and past the Bulbourethral gland, prostate gland, and past the seminal vesicles

cont The secretions of these three glands contribute to the semen Bulbourethral glands - produce an alkaline solution to neutralize acidity of urethra Prostate gland - clotting enzyme to make semen gelatinous, solution to make environment in uterus more “friendly” Semen vesicles - solution that contains food (fructose) for the sperm

Female reproductive system Ovaries - where oogenesis takes place Oviduct (Fallopain tube)- where fertilization takes place Uterus - where the embryo grows and develops Vagina - birth canal

Female reproductive Hormones

Menstrual cycle During each cycle( usually 28-30 days), a woman’s body prepares for the possible fertilization of an egg During the ovarian cycle and egg matures and is released Uterine cycle - the endometrium(lining) of the uterus builds up(becomes ready to have a fertilized egg implant) then breaks down(if no fertilization occurs)

cont Ovulation- release of egg from ovary triggered by a surge of LH Hormone control is complicated!

Intro. To Pregnancy Pregnancy occurs when a compatible sperm enters a woman’s infertile egg. The pregnancy cycle occurs for approximately forty weeks, and any babies born before week thirty-seven are considered premature. A premature baby has a higher risk for fatal development issues, such as difficulty breathing. Pregnancy has three periods, known as Trimesters. Each Trimester is marks a new period in fetal growth.

Pregnancy (First Trimester) This first trimester is crucial to the development of the fetus. During this first trimester, a baby’s body structure and organ systems will develop. Usually, miscarriages and birth defects will occur here. A woman’s body also goes through a variety of changes, including, but not limited to, nausea and breast tenderness.

Pregnancy (Second Trimester) In this trimester, the baby will begin producing urine, as well as the body will begin forming the skeletal structure. Around week fourteen, the baby’s sex will become apparent. Not only that, but by week seventeen, the baby will accumulate fat, and by week nineteen, the fetus will be covered in a cheese-like layer, which protects it from the amniotic fluid.

Pregnancy (Third Trimester) This is the final stretch for fetal development. The nervous system continues to develop, and the baby’s eyes open. A woman may still see signs of lack of sleep, and nausea.

Quiz: 1 Which of these are more likely to happen in the third trimester? (More than one answer) The fetus becomes aware. The fetus’ sex organs form The fetus opens it’s eyes The baby is born

Quiz: 2 Fill in the blank: The ____ is the birth canal of the woman

Quiz: 3 Of the following, which occurs in the male reproductive system? Menstrual Cycle Spermatogensis Oogenesis Pregnancy

Quiz: 4 Match this cycle to a correct development: First Trimester -Sex Visible -Bones Form -Rapid Weight Gain -Organs Develop

Quiz: 5 Explain what occurs during Spermatogenesis.