Kladistika a další metody rekonstrukce evoluce

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Presentation transcript:

Kladistika a další metody rekonstrukce evoluce Karol Marhold Prednášky Cvičenia karol.marhold@savba.sk

Fenetický prístup (multivariačné metódy; “pattern”; zhluková analýza, ordinačné metódy, diskriminačná analýza) Kladistický prístup (parsimonická analýza) Alternatívne prístupy k rekonštrukcii fylogenézy (metóda spájania susedných objektov – neighbour joining method; metódy najväčšej pravdepodobnosti – maximum likelihood; Bayesovské metódy – Bayesian statistical methods)

Fenetický prístup Department of Entomology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, U.S.A. Michener, Ch.D. & Sokal, R.R. 1957. A quantitative approach to a problem in classification. Evolution 11: 130-162. Department of Microbiology, University of Leicester, U.K. Sneath, P.H.A. 1957. Some thoughts on bacterial classification. J. Gen. Microbiol. 17: 184-200. Sokal, R.R. & Sneath, P.H.A. 1963. Principles of numerical taxonomy. W. H. Freeman and comp., San Francisco & London. Sneath, P.H.A. & Sokal, R.R. 1973. Numerical taxonomy, the principles and practice of numerical classification. W. H. Freeman and comp., San Francisco.

Zhlukovacia analýza

Analýza hlavných komponentov Kanonická diskriminačná analýza

Klasifikačná diskriminačná analýza skupina príslušnosť rastlín k stanoveným skupinám predpovedaná na základe vytvoreného klasifikačného kritéria (absolútny počet a percento rastlín klasifikovaných do jednotlivých skupín) amara austr. olot. opicii pyren. Celkom amara 349 20 3 1 7 380 91.84 5.26 0.79 0.26 1.84 100.00% austriaca 51 302 1 6 8 368 13.86 82.07 0.27 1.63 2.17 100.00% olotensis 2 0 99 0 0 101 1.98 0.00 98.02 0.00 0.00 100.00% opicii 1 9 0 326 42 378 0.26 2.38 0.00 86.24 11.11 100.00% pyrenaea 1 11 0 19 207 238 0.42 4.62 0.00 7.98 86.97 100.00%

Kladistický prístup Hennig, W. 1950: Grundzüge einer Theorie der phylogenetischen Systematik. Deutsche Zentralverlag, Berlin. 1965: Phylogenetic systematics. Annual Review of Entomology 10: 97-116. 1966: Phylogenetic systematics. University of Illinois Press, Urbana. Botanika: Koponen, T., 1968: Generic revision of Mniaceae Mitt. (Bryophyta). Ann. Bot. Fenn. 5: 117-151. Funk, V. & Stuessy, T. F. 1978: Cladistics for practicing plant taxonomist. Syst. Bot. 3: 159-178. Bremer, K. & Wantorp, H.- E. 1978: Phylogenetic systematics in botany. Taxon 27: 317-329.

W.H. Wagner, University of Michigan - Groundplan/divergence method

Alternatívne prístupy k rekonštrukcii fylogenézy Metóda spájania susedných objektov - neighbour joining method hodnoty bootstrapu