The Hydrosphere Lecture 04 Chapter 4
The isotope water cycle
Global Meteoric Water Line
GMWL = many LMWLs
Evaporation
Evaporation of small reservoir
Evaporation of infinite reservoir
Evaporation slopes
Deuterium excess and relative humidity
Local Meteoric Water Lines
Rayleigh Distillation
IAEA GNIP Stations
Global Distribution From Bowen, Geology. Bowen, G.J. and Wilkinson, B., 2002. Spatial distribution of delta O-18 in meteoric precipitation. Geology, 30(4): 315-318.
Temperature Effect Clark and Fritz, p. 65
Continental effect
Continental Effect in Alaska
Altitude effect Dd180 = d18O at base of mountain minus d18O value higher up
Altitude effect
Altitude gradients
Amount effect
Source effect
Seasonal effect
Seasonal/Source effect at LAS
Isoscapes Based on Multiple regression analysis of linear correlations to climate/physiographic parameters Or… Contouring/kriging (spatial interpolation).
Groundwaters
Leviathan Cave, NV Drips and pool waters vary from δ18O = -12.6 to -14.0 ‰ Consistent with winter precipitation in Las Vegas https://lachnietblog.wordpress.com/2017/02/17/what-is-the-origin-of-nevadas-cave-and-ground-water/
Geothermal systems
Basinal Brines/Formation waters
Ice core paleoclimatology Quelccaya Ice Cap - Peru http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/slides/slideset/20/20_401_bslide.html
The Greenland Ice Sheet record Dansgaard: d18O = 0.69*T-13.6 How much was temperature depressed during the full glacial period? Any assumptions?
The Antarctic Ice Sheet record