Test Review!

1. Below is one half of a strand of original DNA 1. Below is one half of a strand of original DNA. Select the picture that best illustrates what the other half of the strand will look like. C G A T A B G C A U C G A T C D G A C U C G T A

#2. Match the names of the pieces to G A G A G A #2. Match the names of the pieces to the correct part! Nitrogenous Base E. Primase Sugar F. Phosphate Group RNA G. Hydrogen Bond Helicase H. Okazaki Fragment T

Skin Cells Muscle Cells Brain Cells Bone Cells Fat Cells #3. Circle the cell or cells below that undergo the process of DNA replication. D Skin Cells A Muscle Cells E Liver Cells B Brain Cells C Bone Cells F Fat Cells

#4. Scientists study the evolutionary relationships to better understand the history of life on Earth. Describe two methods that scientists can use to determine whether two species are closely related. Loser.

#5. A species of butterfly, Heliconius cydno alithea, has both white and yellow individuals. Its white allele is dominant and its yellow allele is recessive. The graph below show the genotypic frequency for a generation of the butterfly. If a predator introduced to the butterfly habitat prefers the yellow trait, predict the genotype frequencies that will occur in the third generation. Homozygous recessive population will increase. Homozygous recessive population will decrease. The heterozygous population will decrease. No changes should occur. Frequency (%)

#6. The graph below shows the population of rabbit in the woods from 1992 – 2012. What do you think the carrying capacity if this environment is? 0.2 million B. 0.4 million C. 0.45 million D. You cannot predict from this data

#7. #8. #9. #10. What do you call the image on the left? Which of the organisms on this chart is the most recent? How long has it been on this planet? Which of these organisms is the common ancestor? Which organism on this chart is most closely related to the mouse? #8. #9. #10.

#11. In some species of cow, red and brown are codominant. Graph the following phenotypic frequencies of the offspring of two red & brown cows (that is both mom and dad are red AND brown). Show your work below! 100 75 50 25 Phenotypic Frequencies (%) Red Brown Red & Brown

#12. You are working late in the lab one night and the tiredness has gotten the best of you. You forgot to label the cell sample that you were working with! You grab the microscope and take a look. You notice that the cells you are viewing are loaded with mitochondria. What kind of cell do you think this sample came from? Explain your answer! POSSIBLE CELL TYPES: Nerve Sperm Muscle Plant Skin Egg Fat #13. You have decided on the first sample. You grab a second sample and take a look at this sample. This time you see a thick wall surrounding the cell. Where do you think this sample came from? Explain your answer!

ANSWERS!

#1. D. REMEMBER! C pairs with G and G with C. T pairs with A and A with T. Uracil (the U only is used in protein synthesis NOT DNA replication! #2. The DNA double helix is made up of two strands that are made of a sugar molecule (the blue pentagon) and a phosphate group (the green circle). This is the DNA “backbone”. The code is made up of a nitrogenous base or nucleic acid (the yellow diamond) #3. All of these go through DNA replication. Any time that a cell replicates (which is QUITE OFTEN), the DNA must also replicate! #4. One method is DNA analysis where you literally compare the genetic sequence of the organisms DNA. Another common method is comparing shapes of bones from different organisms (usually found in fossils or during dissection). Another common method is comparing the bones with the location and time at which the fossils were made. #5. C. The homozygous recessive population will decrease. Since yellow is recessive, the ‘aa’ allele combination will yield yellow individuals and the predator likes to eat the yellow ones! #6. B. 0.4 million rabbits is the best estimate for the carrying capacity. REMEMBER, it is the AVERAGE number that can be supported AFTER a trend is observed. The trend here starts around 2002.

#7. The image on the left is called a phylogenic tree and it is used to visualize the relationships between organisms! #8. The dog and/or the seal are the most recent. They showed up at the NODE about 40 million years ago! #9. The common ancestor in this tree is the opossum (possum). The common ancestor can always be identified by the organism that has the longest line. All other organisms are related to the common ancestor. #10. The squirrel or the capybara are appropriate answers here. To find this out, just count the number of nodes the next closest organism is away. In this case, there are two nodes that separate the mouse and these two critters. R B #11. R RR BR On the graph, you should have drawn: 25% Red, 25% Brown, and 50% Red and Brown! B BR BB #13. The thing being described here are cell walls. The plant is the only thing that has a cell wall on this list, so it must be a plant cell! #12. These are muscle cells. Muscles cells require a LOT of energy and mitochondria produce energy. Therefore, muscle cells have a lot of mitochondria!

Save your answers. Continue work on your map. If, by chance, you get done, you need to count everything that you have put on your map. Use the other sheet to count them. Multiply these numbers by the amount it either costs or that you make. For the roads, you need to measure that total number of centimeters of roads that you have. These also can be recorded on your sheet. On the back of your map, write down all of the good decisions you think you made. Extra focus should be placed on environmental features (like your protected area and responsible use of resources, and proper placement of the needed (yet dirty) businesses/factories.