Roman History The Roman Revolution.

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Presentation transcript:

Roman History The Roman Revolution

Jean-Léon Gérôme, Pollice Verso, 1872; Phoenix Art Museum The Price of Empire Military Security: brutalization, casualties (census of 234 BCE: 270,000; census of 204: 214,000) Land: latifundia, failing small farms, wealth inequality Booty and Slaves: Italy a parasite Rome as Imperial Center: large population, urban mob, poor infrastructure

Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus († 133) Gaius Sempronius Gracchus († 121) Marius († 86); portrait in the Vatican Museum Sulla († 78); portrait in the Vatican Museum Pompey († 48); portrait in the New Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen wikipedia

Caesar († 44); portrait in the Vatican Museum Mark Antony († 30); portrait in the Vatican Museum Cleopatra VII († 30); portrait in the Altes Museum, Berlin wikipedia

Gaius Octavius (63 BCE-14 CE), portrait in the Capitoline Museum, Rome wikipedia Augustus of Prima Porta, 20s CE, Vatican Museum Imperator C Julius Caesar Divi Filius Octavianus Augustus, Pontifex Maximus, Tribunicia Potestate, Consul, Proconsul, Pater Patriae, Triumphator