1.2 Scientific Method

Scientific Method Form a question Research the question & make observations Form a hypothesis Experiment to test the hypothesis Analyze data Conclusions Hypothesis is supported Hypothesis is not supported (revise hypothesis and repeat method)

Experiment Vocabulary: Control- the standard that the results of the experiment are compared to Independent variable- the variable the scientist changes Dependent variable- responds to changes in the independent variable Variables- anything that changes during the course of the experiment Constants- anything that remains the same throughout the experiment Qualitative data- descriptive data (pictures, observations) Quantitative data- measurements involving numbers

Metrics Measurement Base Unit Length Meter (m) Mass Kilogram (Kg) Time Second (s) Quantity Mole (mol) Temperature Kelvin (K) Electric Current Ampere Luminous Intensity Candela

Prefix Abbreviation Value Giga- G 1 × 109 Mega- M 1 × 106 Kilo- k 1 × 103 -- 1 Centi- c 1 × 10-2 Milli- m 1 × 10-3 Micro- μ 1 × 10-6 Nano- n 1 × 10-9 Pico- p 1 × 10-12 Femto- f 1 × 10-15

Dimensional Analysis Process for converting between units. The Unit Equality (1 km = 1000 m) becomes the Conversion Factor: 1000m 1km 1km 1000m or Multiply the starting unit by the conversion factor. Example: Convert 4.6 m to km 1 km 1000 m 4.6 m x = 0.0046 km Note: do not use conversion factors in determining the number of significant digits.

Practice: 56 m = ______ km 9.32 mg = ______ g 4.1 L = ______ mL 76.89 m = ______ inches (2.54 cm = 1 inch) Convert 29 seconds into years. (52 weeks = 1 year)

Practice: 56 m = ______ km 9.32 mg = ______ g 4.1 L = ______ mL 76.89 m = ______ inches Convert 29 seconds into years. 3027 in 9.2 x 10-7 years

Derived Units Two or more base units combined to make a new unit Volume = (length x width x height) = cm3 Density = (Mass per volume) = g/ mL