EOC Review Unit 4 - 7

Senate/House of Representatives Size 100 435 Term Limits Unlimited Term Length 6 years 2 years Leaders Vice President President Protempore Speaker of the house Requirements 30 yrs old Citizen for 9 years Live in the state you represent 25 yrs old Citizen for 7 years

The Legislative Branch The many names of the Legislative Branch Legislatures Senators Representatives Congressmen/Congress Women

Job of the Legislatures Pass Laws Approve Presidential appointments Stay in contact with their constituents and their needs

How a bill becomes a law Bill must pass in both houses The bill must be agreed on exactly the same way by both houses. The President can Pass the bill Veto the bill Pocket Veto the bill *Congress can override the president’s veto.

Executive Branch President Vice President Term Limits 2 terms Unlimited Term Length 4 years Requirements 35 yrs old Natural Born Citizen Live in the USA 14 consecutive years

Jobs of the President Chief Executive Carries out the law Chief Diplomat Deals with foreign policy Head of State The “face” of the country Commander in Chief Controls the army Legislative Leader Suggests laws, and passes bills Economic Leader Helps the economy Party Leader Leader of the political party

The President's Staff Cabinet Secret Service White House Staff Appointed members who are experts in their field and give advice to the president on specific topics related to their expertise. Secret Service Keep the president safe at all times. Must be willing to risk their life for the president White House Staff Maintain the White House

Dual Court System There are trial, appeals, and supreme courts for the state and for the national government. Federal/National Courts hear cases about national laws/crimes State Courts hear cases about state crimes/laws Jurisdiction – the authority to hear a case Appellate – hearing a case for a second time.

The Supreme Court Hears cases that involve the constitution and decided if the laws are “constitutional.” They do not decide guilty or innocent, but they write an opinion at the end of a case The opinion is a detailed explanation of the decision they made and why they made it.

Cases to Remember Case Summary Marbury v Madison First time Judicial Review was used (Judicial review – is the Supreme Court’s ability to say that something is Unconstitutional/against the constitution) Plessy v Ferguson Homer Plessy challenged his ability to go in a whites train cart, the decision made was that segregation was legal, as long as things were “separate, but equal” Brown v Board of Education Linda Brown’s father fought for Linda to be able to go the White school that was closer to home. He won and the integration of schools began Miranda V Arizona Miranda was arrested and confessed to crimes because he didn’t know his 5th amendment. Decision was that people must be told their rights when arrested.

Types of Law Criminal – crimes that are against laws – felony or misdemeanor Civil – argument between two people or a company and a person Military – law for those who serve in the armed forces Case – based on official decisions and previous cases Administration – rules and regulations

Main Political Parties Democrats – more liberal, more government involvement in the economy Republicans – more conservative – less government regulation Single Issue – pick ONE problem and only talk about that Ideological – want to change the entire government system Strong Leader – a person who is not a part of a political party, but who has a great personality. ** the blue are considered 3rd parties or minor parties**

Reason for Political Parties Support Candidates Communicate with citizens Run the government Link different parts of government Act as a “Watchdog”

Elections Primary – narrow down candidates from 1 political party General – vote for representatives and laws at all levels. Initiative/Referendum – voters propose a new law Recall – voters decide if they want to remove someone from office Special – for emergencies to fill a vacant office Presidential – every 4 years to vote for president

Propaganda Propaganda techniques… used to convince you to vote for something Bandwagon, name calling, plain folk, glittering generalities, endorsement, transfer, stacked cards Public Opinion How the public feels about a person or topic. Public opinion polls are questions asked to a few people to help make decisions about what everyone thinks or wants.

Unit 4 – 7 Review Questions Why do you think bills need to pass in the Senate and House and then be approved by the president? How are requirements for being a Senator different from the requirements of being a Representative? Why do the president and vice president have to meet the same requirements? Why is it important for the president to have a cabinet? Why do we have a dual court system? Do you think in the USA we really need 2 levels of courts?

6. How are the following cases related? Plessy v Ferguson and Brown v Board of Education 7. Provide an example of a case that involves civil law. 8. How are democrats and republicans different? 9. What is the purpose of political parties? 10. During what type of election can voters remove someone from office? Why is it important for voters to have this option in the USA?

Unit 4 – 7 Quiz 5 minute study

Unit 4 – 7 Quiz

How many members are in the House of Representatives? What can happen to a bill once it reaches the president? List all 3 things. Why must the president and vice president meet the same requirements? What job of the president requires him/her to be in charge of the military? During what type of election do people vote because there was an emergency? What type of law is being used if one person is suing another because they made them cry? When a candidate for office uses a famous person in their ad, what propaganda technique are they using? What type of case does the USA Supreme Court hear? How old must you be to be a Senator? What is the main job of the Legislative branch?