The World Between the Wars (1910–1939) Lesson 3 India Seeks Self-Rule

The World Between the Wars (1910–1939) Lesson 3 India Seeks Self-Rule Learning Objectives Explain the impact of World War I and the Amritsar massacre on Indian nationalism. Evaluate the ideas of Mohandas Gandhi. Analyze how Gandhi led resistance to political oppression in India.

The World Between the Wars (1910–1939) Lesson 3 India Seeks Self-Rule Key Terms Mohandas Gandhi Muhammad Ali Jinnah Amritsar massacre ahimsa civil disobedience, untouchables, boycott,

India’s Struggle for Independence Begins Indians had long struggled to end British control. Since 1885, the Indian National Congress party, called the Congress party, had pressed for self-rule within the British empire but had not yet called for full independence.

India’s Struggle for Independence Begins A New Leader Emerges British promised Independence, but didn’t follow through Mohandas Gandhi Mohatma- Inspired Indians to resist Non-violence The Muslim League Muhammad Ali Jinnah- Wanted to protect Muslim interests Cooperated with Congress party and Hindus until independence was achieved The Amritsar Massacre Rowlatt Acts Sikhs gather in Amristar British had outlawed mass gatherings Crowd didn’t know of the order General Reginald Dyer ordered troops to fire on the crowd 400 killed and 1,100 wounded

India’s Struggle for Independence Begins The Indian National Congress was formed in 1885. Initially, the congress passed only moderate reforms. Members soon began pushing for more radical action and full independence.

Gandhi’s Philosophy of Civil Disobedience In 1921, Gandhi was elected president of the Congress party. He remained the dominant figure in Indian politics for more than twenty years. His words, actions, and ideas inspired Indians of all religious and ethnic backgrounds.

Gandhi’s Philosophy of Civil Disobedience Nonviolent Protest Ahimsa- Civil Disobedience End to harsh treatment of untouchables Restoring National Pride Boycott British goods Weave own shirts Abandon western clothes dhota

Gandhi’s Philosophy of Civil Disobedience Gandhi taught his ways to people throughout India. Here, he speaks to harijan workers at his ashram, or spiritual retreat, in the village of Sevagram.

Gandhi Takes a Stand To mobilize mass support, Gandhi decided to take a stand against the British salt monopoly, which he saw as a symbol of British oppression. Natural salt was available along the shore, and people had traditionally gotten their salt supplies by boiling seawater. But under colonial rule, the British claimed the sole right to produce and sell salt. By taxing those sales, they collected money to maintain their government in India.

Gandhi Takes a Stand The Salt March British had monopoly on salt trade Gandhi- whatever, we’ll walk to the sea and get our own salt 240 mile march, thousands by the time they arrive Arrested and jailed World Opinion Shifts March embarrassed British nationwide America a little hypocritical British started to work with Congress Party The Future of India Indian independence delayed by WWII Brought India into war with them Independence came after the war, but conflict between Hindus and Muslims would explode

Gandhi Takes a Stand The Salt March, shown here, began at Gandhi’s ashram in Sabermati. When Gandhi reached the shore, he picked up a handful of salt and claimed he was shaking the British empire’s foundation.

Quiz: India’s Struggle for Independence Begins Why did a crowd of Indians gather at an enclosed field in Amritsar? A. to protest the Rowlatt Acts B. to demand independence from Britain C. to hear Gandhi’s first public speech D. to confront General Dyer

Quiz: Gandhi’s Philosophy of Civil Disobedience Why did Gandhi call for boycotts on British goods? A. He wanted Indians to rely less on material goods. B. He wanted Indians to be self-sufficient. C. He wanted to create Indian monopolies. D. He wanted Britain to lose money.

Quiz: Gandhi Takes a Stand What did the Salt March symbolize? A. India’s attack on the government B. India’s ability to govern itself C. Indian protest against British oppression D. Indians’ dependence on British salt