20th Century Independence & Nationalist Movements In Europe & Asia

Agenda Write down the Red

India India gave Great Britain money and troops during WWI. In return they were suppose to let the colony become independent. 2 sides Thought that self-rule would lead to destruction. Nationalist wanted freedom. Mohandas Gandhi was the leader of the Indian nationalist movement.

Boycott of English goods

Mohandas Gandhi Gandhi opposed violence Urged people to gain independence by nonviolently refusing to cooperate with the government. (Passive Resistance) #81 Boycotting British goods and refusing to pay taxes. British would massacre the dominant religious group the Hindus. #80 & #82

India How might a nonviolent refusal to cooperate with a ruling government produce victory for nationalists? In 1935 Great Britain allowed India to elect representatives, but could not control national defense, revenue or foreign policy. Over time all British colonies would join the British Commonwealth. Favorable trade agreements Helped during times of depression

China United States concerned that they would be excluded from Chinese Trade. 1899 Open Door Policy- all nations had the rights to trade with China. #83

Boxer Rebellion A movement that attacked the Chinese Christians and foreign missionaries. #84 Destroyed churches Railways Mines Anything connected to outsiders Many foreigners fled to embassies in Beijing U.S., Japan, G.B., France, Germany, Russia Sent troops to put down rebellion & charged China for their losses in property.

Nationalist Movement in China Qing dynasty would step down after 268 years. China became a republic 3 principles Political Unification & end foreign influence Gradual change to democratic government; full personal liberties and rights for all Chinese people. Economic improvements that included industrialization and a more equal distribution of land

Early Problems Warlords would assassinate early leaders and become a problem. China asks world powers for help. Soviet Union is the only country to help. They sent advisers Political Technical Military

Chiang Kai-shek #85 1925 takes over Nationalist, was a military leader. The government would fail to Institute a land reform. The poor would be further repressed Forced out Communist and executed those who would not leave

Mao Zedong #87 Those people who escaped the executions moved to southeast China The Long March- from Jiangxi to Shaanxi, a 6,000 mile trip. 100,000 communist went on this trip. They were attacked by air & land by the nationalist party. Many died Mao Zedong was noticed as a great leader on this year march.

Mao Zedong (cont) He argued that Chinese peasants could provide the best basis for a communist revolution in china. #86 They were the most effected by the Nationalist Government. The communist movement made people realize that Japan was their real enemy.

Japan

Questions 88-90 Meiji Restoration Could pick Jobs Japan wanted Manchuria for it’s natural resources. Japan extended it’s territory to show the western world it’s naval power. Meiji Restoration Could pick Jobs Put emperor back into power Could now have an education

Africa In The 20th Century

What was most of the African Land used for?

Independence #94 African colonies would fight to gain their independence in the second half of the 20th century. Political challenges. Ethnic violence. Environmental problems.

Apartheid South African Policy Tried to keep a strong policy of segregation. #92 English speaking whites dominated the African government. Africans made up 75% of the population Owned 13% of the land

Why We Learn History Top photos are Jim Crow Law photos in the US. To the left is a South African version under the Apartheid.

(ANC) African National Conference Fought the policies of the Apartheid 1950’s policies to go against the Apartheid Protested polices openly Police would fire and kill them Peaceful demonstrations Would have to turn to violence to stop violence Nelson Mandela would lead protests Would be jailed 1994 would be elected president 1st native black man elected. #93

In Jail for 27 Years

Questions Nelson YouTube clips http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t4vlFQA-t9w http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lmPMFJJ7AwY

Learning from the past! Imperialism and the results The Dominican Republic is more developed because it has more rainfall and has had less political upheaval #95

Deforestation is the permanent destruction of forests in order to make the land available for other uses.