Origins of Educational Activities The World Health Organisation (WHO) The World Health Organization is the United Nations specialized agency for health. It was established on 7 April 1948. WHO's objective is the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health. WHO define health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. WHO is governed by 192 Member States through the World Health Assembly. The main tasks of the World Health Assembly are to approve the WHO programme and the budget for the following biennium and to decide major policy questions. Where do educational promotions for health and social well-being come from? WHO's goal is the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health Who The World Health Organisation was founded in the 1940s (1946 or 48)

World Health Organisation (WHO) In Sept 2000, 8 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were created by building upon agreements made at the United Nations conference in 1990. The goals set out to give broad guidelines to the world about reducing poverty and tackling ill health etc. The MDGs relating to health are broad goals that outline some of the most important outcomes: - Fewer women dying in childbirth - More children surviving early years in life - Dealing with the catastrophe of HIV/AIDS - Making sure people have access to life saving drugs - Better health in all its forms aiming to reduce poverty In September 2000, Heads of state met together and created the UN Millennium Declaration. The Declaration, endorsed by 189 countries, was then translated into a roadmap setting out goals to be reached by 2015. The eight MDGs build on agreements made at United Nations conferences in the 1990s and represent commitments to reduce poverty and hunger, and to tackle ill-health, gender inequality, lack of education, lack of access to clean water and environmental degradation.

Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality Nearly 11 million children under the age of five die every year. Some reduction has taken place but not enough. In 16 countries, 14 of which are in Africa, levels of under-five mortality are higher than in 1990 http://www.who.int/mdg/score/en/

Goal 5: Improve maternal health More than 500 000 women die in pregnancy and childbirth each year, despite increases in the rate of attended deliveries in South-East Asia and North Africa. Maternal death rates are 1000 times higher in sub-Saharan Africa than in high income countries.                                                http://www.who.int/mdg/score/en/

Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases The story is bleak in many countries despite success in selected countries. The worsening global pandemic of HIV/AIDS has reversed life expectancy and economic gains in several African countries. http://www.who.int/mdg/score/en/

What does all this have to do with Health Education & the Bottle Top Project? The Millennium development goals are broad guidelines that should be adopted by the world to improve health. The WHO Regional Committee for Europe uses these broad guidelines to set more specific health targets which are relevant to Europe. These targets are where we draw national targets from, and where health education ideas come from.

The WHO Regional Committee for Europe HEALTH21: 21 targets for health which are relevant for Europe. One example of a HEALTH 21 target is: Target 4, Health of Young People: by 2020, young people in the region should be healthier and better able to fulfil their roles in society. View all the targets here: www.euro.who.int/document/EHFA5-E.pdf

HEALTH21: 21 targets for health which are relevant for Europe. Look through all the Health21 targets and identify which ones are linked to your health campaign. Explain why they are relevant.

National Targets Saving Lives – Our Healthier Nation Government national action plan for the UK to tackle the problem of poor health in everyone and in particular the health of the worst off. It addresses the ‘4 big killers’ faced by people in the UK today: Cancer – to reduce the death rate in people under 75 by at least a fifth Heart Disease – to reduce the death rate in people under 75 by at least two fifths Accidents – to reduce the death rate by at least a fifth and serious injury by at least a tenth Suicide – to reduce the death rate from suicide and undetermined injury by at least a fifth. (lung disease has also now been identified as a major health problem)

National Targets Choosing Health: Making Healthier Choices Easier, 2004 The strategy aims to: Reduce the number of people who smoke Reduce obesity and improve diet and nutrition Increase exercise Encourage and support sensible drinking Improve sexual health Improve mental health

National Targets Saving Lives – Our Healthier Nation The national targets are specific to the UK, although they encompass the main aims of the WHO and the European Regional Committee of the WHO. Identify which national targets Bottletop addresses and explain how it does this. (To view the entire white papers: www.archive.official-documents.co.uk/document/cm43/4386/4386.htm http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_4094550) Check they know what a white paper is. Give them the website, explain it’s a big report written by the government which sets out the targets for a specific thing. Saving Lives – Our Healthier Nation sets out the aims and objectives of health for the nation. This is the origin of health education activities.

Local Targets Each local Primary Care Trust addresses the targets from the national strategies and sets its own local targets. Read pages 26-30 of the 2006 Public Health Annual Report for Herefordshire, and explain whether Bottletop addresses any local issues.

Aims & Objectives An AIM of an education campaign are broad statement of what you are tying to achieve Eg -Reduce Alcohol Related Accidents -Give advice about alcohol to young people OBJECTIVES are more specific aims. They help you to pinpoint the most realistic method of presenting health advice and information. Eg -to create an interactive website created for young people by young people about alcohol -To create non-preachy soundbites of information about good and bad nights on alcohol -To create images of the ageing affects of alcohol

How do you specifically choose your aims & objectives? Epidemiology The study of the distribution and determinants of disease in communities. How many people are affected by a health problem (MORBIDITY STATS) How many people die from a particular health problem (MORTALITY STATS) Who are most at risk, eg sex, age, occupation, smokers, sedentary people etc. A health promotion campaign could be born from the stats. Eg if a GUM clinic had a huge rise in people with syphillis, they could use these stats to promote a campaign specifically about this.