Exploration, Mesoamerica, and Enlightenment Review

Prince Henry the Navigator Prince Henry the Navigator helped change the way the world was viewed.

Christopher Columbus Discovered the West Indies (or America so to speak) He opened Atlantic trade called the Columbian Exchange which changed the diets of Europe, brought disease to the new world, and sparked slave trade.

Ferdinand Magellan Changed the way the world was view with his new routes discovered through the Strait of Magellan

Divine Right The belief that the monarch gets his power through God and should not be questioned.

Absolute Monarchy When a monarch (king/queen) has total power.

Peter the Great The absolute monarch of Russia who westernized Russia by claiming a new warm water port to open trade with Europe and made men shave their beards and his people dress like Europeans.

Louis XIV The absolute monarch of France that built the Palace of Versailles and bankrupt France

Phillip II The Absolute monarch of Spain who attempted to defeat England, but his Spanish Armada was defeated.

Elizabeth I The absolute monarch of England. She was the longest reigning and greatest monarch. She defeated the Spanish Armada.

Henry IV The absolute monarch of France who allowed Protestantism to France. But passed the Edict of Nantes to make Catholic the official religion.

Charles I He was king of England who denied Parliament rules and a civil war started.

Galileo Made discoveries in astronomy. He discovered the heliocentric theory that the planets revolve around the sun.

Scientific Revolution The time period when scientists were making discoveries and observing natural and secular laws in the universe against the teachings of the church at the time.

Sir Isaac Newton A scientist who developed a theory about gravity.

Sir Francis Bacon Developed the scientific method which is the foundation of science.

John Locke Believed that everyone has natural rights of life, liberty and property. He believed that the government worked for the people.

Voltaire Believed in freedom of religion and freedom of speech. His most famous quote, “I may not believe in what you say, but I will defend to my death your right to say it.”

Montesquieu Believed that governments should be limited in power. There should be separation of powers and checks and balances in a government.

Hobbes Believed in strong monarchs and authority for people. He would have supported the absolute monarchs during Absolutism.

Rouseau Wrote the Social Contract. He believed the government should work for the people. He preferred direct democracy.

Wolstoncraft She believed in democracy. She believe that women had a voice and certain rights to participate in government.

Maya Maya were located in southern Mexico in the Yucatan area and into Central America in Guatemala, El Salvador, and Belize. The used terrace farming and advanced irrigation techniques. The main crops were corn, squash and beans. Their math had a zero and was base 20. They were polytheistic and practiced sacrificial ceremonies to their deities. They built pyramids and observatories and had a 356 day calendar.

Inca The were located in the Andes mountains in Peru in South America. They used a quipu which is a system of knotted strings to keep records, math had a base 10. They used terrace farming for agriculture on the sides of mountains. Their main god was Inti the sun god.

Aztec They were located in central Mexico where Mexico City is today. At the time it was a large shallow lake with many islands. They built floating islands called chinampas for agriculture growing corn, squash, and beans. They were polytheistic and practiced sacrificial ceremonies to honor their gods. Their main god was the of the sun.

Mercantilism The mother country controls the imports and exports of their colonies they control to gain wealth.

Age of Enlightenment The age of new knowledge that was secular and went against the church teachings. It was based on the idea that there were natural laws in the universe. It included the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment philosophers.

Basic belief of the philosophers Most of the Enlightenment philosophers (except Hobbes) believed in a democracy and a limited government that represented and worked for the people.

Salon Salons were gathering places where men and women would go to discuss ideas, philosophy and politics. Many of the Age of Enlightenment ideas were spread in society this way.