The Fall of Greece Vocabulary Hellenic Hellenistic

Peloponnesian War Sparta is jealous of Athens’s power. Sparta (strong land power) declares war on Athens (strong sea power). Sparta burns Athen’s countryside and everyone moves within the city where food is accessible by port from Athenian colonies. Sparta gains the upper hand when a plague hits Athens and when Athens overextends its military. Athens looses its empire and the future rulers are either too weak or indecisive for it to ever recover.

Alexander the Great Macedonia North of Greece Very cold and mountainous Lived in villages rather than city states Greeks thought of them as being uncivilized

King Phillip II Organized a army with phalanxes using 18 foot pikes and cavalry He defeated Greeks in 338 BCE He was stabbed to death at his daughter’s wedding

Alexander Carried out his father’s plan to invade Persia in 334 BCE He rejected a peace settlement with the Persian king Darius III and invaded Egypt in 332 BCE Pushed on to India conquering all territories in his path

Alexander cont. Alexander’s Legacy When he reached India his men were tired and ready to return home Alexander died at home from a fever brought on by malaria, he was only 32. Alexander’s Legacy After his death his empire was divided into three sections ruled by his strongest generals They governed as tyrants

The Spread of Hellenistic Culture Alexandria In Africa Became the international community center for trade It contained the Pharos (stone light house), museum and library

Astronomy Aristarchus Ptolemy Eratosthenes Hipparchus Said planets revolve around the sun Ptolemy Said earth was the center of the solar system Eratosthenes Calculated the Earth’s size Hipparchus Invented latitude and longitude

Mathematics Physics Euclid complies work on geometry Archimedes estimates pi Physics Archimedes invented the screw, device to raise water from the ground, catapult, lever and pully

Philosophy Zeno Epicurus Started Stoicism that believed in a divine power who controlled the universe People should live in harmony Promoted social unity Epicurus Started Epicureanism that believed the universe was composed of atoms and ruled by gods who had no interest in humans

Last Slide – Yes! Art Moved from being harmonic and idealizing to realistic and emotional