Treaty of Versailles.

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Presentation transcript:

Treaty of Versailles

The End of the War Final German advance stopped at the Marne Allies counter attack Helped by fresh American troops Bulgaria & Ottomans surrender Austria-Hungary losing, breaking up Mutiny in the field, riots in Berlin Republic declared Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicates

Armistice (Ceasefire) 11AM on November 11th, 1918

Results 8.5 million military dead 21 million wounded $338 Billion spent

Paris Peace Conference Meeting to decide peace terms that end WWI 32 countries attend, dominated by “Big 4” US (Wilson) France (Clemenceau) Britain (Lloyd George) Italy (Orlando)

The 14 Points Wilson’s principles to create a lasting peace End secret treaties Free seas and trade Reduced militaries “Self-determination” for former colonies Allow people to decide their own gov.’s Creation of “League of Nations” Group of all nations to promote peace through diplomacy

Treaty of Versailles 1919 Treaty that ends war with Germany Terms Article 231: War Guilt clause (Ger. Accepts blame for war) Ger. Must pay reparations (pay for the whole war) League of Nations created German military limited Demilitarized Rhineland Alsace & Lorraine returned to France French get Saar coal mines for 15 years Ger. colonies become League “Mandates” Areas ruled by Allies until ready for Independence US never agrees, signs different treaty Congress afraid of joining League of Nations

Territorial Decisions East Prussia separated by “Polish Corridor” New nations created out of lost Russian lands Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland Austro-Hungarian empire broken up: Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, part of Poland Former Arab lands of Ottoman Empire divided between France and Britain Turkey becomes secular, modern state under Kemel Ataturk Arab lands divided by unnatural, artificial boundaries

Reaction Germany angry over having no say in treaty & harsh terms US afraid of joining League of Nations, signs different treaty Middle East angry over not getting independence Russia not invited, a former Ally, loses more land than Germany Japan & Italy don’t get all the land they want

Effects of Treaty Creates bitterness & anger Leads to many future conflicts WWII Cold War Middle East Troubles

Effects of the War Physical & Mental Wounds Disillusionment (feeling of distrust)

The Spanish Flu 1917/1918 Kills 30 Million worldwide