Chapter 32 The Roaring Twenties
Communism in America “Red Scare” – 1919-1920, At. Gen. Palmer leads charge Restricted free speech Anti-redism and anti-foreignism
Ku Klux Klan antiforeign, anti-Catholic, anti-black, anti-Jewish, antipacifist, anti-Communist, anti-internationalist, antievolutionist, antibootlegger, antigambling, antiadultery, and anti-birth control. 5 million members Collapsed in the late 1920s due to embezzlement and the Grand Dragon was convicted of murder
Conservative Reaction to Change Conservative Right vs. Modernist Left Prohibitionist Nativists Fundamentalists
Immigration-laws aimed at curbing incoming immigrants Emergency Quota Act of 1921 Ended unrestricted immigration Set a 3% limit each nation based on 1910 census Immigration National Origins Act-1924 Set limit at 2% based on 1890 census, aimed at Southern and Eastern European and Asian immigrants
Prohibition 18th amendment in 1919 Volstead Act, 1920 Ineffective, Unenforced Smuggling Speakeasies
Coors Sold malted milk to the Mars Candy Corp. “near beer” – non alcoholic beer Porcelain One of the only breweries to survive
Gangsters Wanted control of booze market Involved in prostitution, gambling, drugs, and kidnapping Al Capone most famous Sentenced to 11 years for tax evasion
A Fight over Evolution Christian Fundamentalist want the teaching of evolution to be banned John Scopes, biology teacher goes to trial State of TN hires WJ Bryan Scopes found guilty but later overturned
Automobile Led to industrial revolution in the 1920s Henry Ford Model T (black only) 20million by 1930 Led to many new jobs/industries
Cultural Revolution Lindberg became 1st man to fly solo across the Atlantic “Spirit of St. Louis” Radiobroadcasts – education Motion pictures WWI propaganda Margaret Sanger – birth control movement Sigmund Freud Sexual repression
The Lost Generation Authors and poets Not pleased with the consumerism of the 1920s F. Scott Fitzgerald, Gertrude Stein, Erza Pound, Earnest Hemingway
Literature WWI led to an increase of literature H.L. Mencken attacked marriage, patriotism, democracy, and prohibition in his monthly American Mercury. F. Scott Fitzgerald:The Great Gatsby in 1925. Earnest Hemingway He responded to propaganda and the overblown appeal to patriotism. He wrote of disillusioned, spiritually numb American expatriates in Europe in The Sun Also Rises (1926) Sinclair Lewis wrote Main Street (1920) and Babbitt (1922). Sherwood Anderson wrote Winesburg, Ohio (1919). Architecture also became popular as materialism and functionalism increased-Frank Lloyd Wright
Harlem Renaissance Center of African American culture Changed perception of African Americans, greater social consciousness of abilities of ALL Writers and musicians Langston Hughes, Countee Cullen Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington