What are living things like? 1 What are living things like? Any living thing is called an organism. Organisms vary in size - from the microscopic bacteria in mud puddles to gigantic oak trees - and are found just about everywhere.

All living things: 1 Have a cellular organization Contain similar chemicals Use energy Grow and develop Respond to their surroundings Reproduce

Living Things Are Organized 1 Living Things Are Organized A cell is the smallest unit of an organism that carries on the functions of life. Some organisms are composed of just one cell while others are composed of many cells.

Living Things Use Energy 1 Living Things Use Energy The energy used by most organisms comes either directly or indirectly from the Sun. Plants and some other organisms use the Sun’s energy, carbon dioxide, and water to make food.

Living Things Grow and Develop 1 Living Things Grow and Develop Organisms change as they grow. All of the changes that take place during the life of an organism is called development.

Living Things 1 Living Things Respond Living things must interact with their surroundings. Anything that causes some change in an organism is a stimulus. The reaction to a stimulus is a response.

Living Things Reproduce 1 Living Things Reproduce All living things eventually reproduce, to make more of their own kind. Some bacteria reproduce every 20 minutes, while it might take a pine tree two years to produce seeds. Without reproduction, there would be no living things to replace those individuals that die.

How are living things classified? 2 Why classify? Biologists use classification to organize living things into groups so that the organisms are easier to study. Organisms are grouped by their shared characteristics.

How are living things classified? 2 Classification Carolus Linnaeus, a Swedish naturalist, developed a new system of grouping organisms that was accepted and used by most scientists. His classification system was based on looking for organisms with similar structures. Linnaeus also developed a scientific naming system that is still used today.

7 Levels of Classification How are living things classified? 2 7 Levels of Classification Kingdom King Phylum Phillip Class Can Order Offer Family Free Genus Gardening Species Services

Modern Classification How are living things classified? 2 Modern Classification

All living things have a scientific name. How are living things classified? 2 Scientific Names The two-word naming system that Linnaeus used to name organisms is called binomial nomenclature. This two-word name is an organism’s species. All living things have a scientific name.

Binomial Nomenclature How are living things classified? 2 Binomial Nomenclature The first word of the scientific name identifies the genus of the organism. A genus is a group of similar species. Ambystoma genus tigrinum feature The second word of the name usually describes a feature.

Ambystoma tigrinum (Tiger Salamander) Quercus nigra (Water Oak)

Why Use Scientific Names? How are living things classified? 2 Why Use Scientific Names? they help avoid mistakes. organisms with similar evolutionary histories are classified together. scientific names give descriptive information about the species. scientific names allow information about organisms to be organized easily and efficiently.

How are Living Things Grouped Into Kingdoms? How are living things classified? 2 How are Living Things Grouped Into Kingdoms? Type of cells (prokaryote or eukaryote) Number of cells in their bodies (multicellular or unicellular). Ability to make food (autotroph or heterotroph)

Prokaryote – Organisms whose cells lack a nucleus. How are living things classified? 2 Type of Cells Prokaryote – Organisms whose cells lack a nucleus. Eukaryote – Organisms whose cells contain a nucleus

Number of Cells in Their Bodies How are living things classified? 2 Number of Cells in Their Bodies Unicellular – Organisms with only one cell. Single-celled organism Multicellular – Organisms that are composed of many cells.

How are living things classified? 2 Ability to Make Food Heterotroph - Organism that cannot make its own food. Heterotrophs need an outside source to obtain energy. Autotroph – Organism that makes its own food. Autotrophs use the food they make as an energy source to carry out their life functions.

How are living things classified? 2 Obtaining Energy Respiration – Process by which cells break down food to release its energy. Photosynthesis – Process by which plants make food. Uses light, CO2, and water to produce sugar. Oxygen is a by- product. light energy CO2 + H2O → C6H12O6 + O2 (Carbon dioxide) (water) (sugar) (oxygen)

How are living things classified? 2 Reproduction Sexual reproduction – The reproductive process that involves two parents who combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents. Asexual reproduction – The reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent.

The 6 Kingdoms PROTIST ARCHAEBACTERIA AND EUBACTERIA FUNGI PLANT ANIMAL

Bacteria Split into two Kingdoms Archaebacteria and Eubacteria. Archaebacteria – “ancient” bacteria found in extreme temperatures. They were here before eubacteria. Eubacteria – Although some are harmful, most eubacteria are helpful. They provide vitamins and yogurt.

Bacteria Unicellular – single celled Prokaryotes – have no nucleus Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Asexual Examples: Streptococcus (strep throat) Staphylococcus (Staph infection)

Protists Seaweed Unicellular or multicellular Eukaryotes – have a nucleus Heterotrophs and Autotrophs Sexual and Asexual 3 main types: Protozoans, slime molds, and algae DIVERSE – these organisms cannot fit into another kingdom. Seaweed

Fungi Multicellular (only yeast is unicellular) Eukaryotes Eukaryotes- have a nucleus Heterotrophs Sexual and Asexual Examples: mushrooms, yeast, mold, mildew, athlete’s foot, ringworm, penicillin

Plants Multicellular Eukaryotes Autotrophs Sexual and Asexual Examples: trees, vegetable plants, roses, vines

Animals Multicellular Eukaryotes Heterotrophs Sexual