B2 Cell Specialisation BTEC NQF L3 Unit 1

Starter Activity In your pair, discuss the structures found in a typical animal cell and their functions Discuss the structures found in a typical plant cell and their functions Name three other types of cell that you have studied so far

Think, Pair, Share What is a unicellular organism? What is a multicellular organism? Give two examples of each

Unicellular organisms Paramecium Euglena Yeast Amoeba Bacteria

Multicellular organisms

Multicellular organisms Multicellular organisms are made up of more than one cell. These cells can be organised into tissues and organs.

What do all of these cells have in common?

Cell specialisations The cells on the previous slide all have typical structures such as: cytoplasm cell membrane cell wall nucleus chloroplasts However, the structure each type of cell is different so that it can carry out a particular function.

What is a specialised cell? Plants and animals consist of many cells and so are known as multicellular. They contain many different types of cell. Each type of cell is designed to carry out a particular job or function. This is known as cell specialisation.

Did You Know? There are over 100 different types of cell in the human body! These are just a few examples………..

Head contains nucleus and mitochondria Sperm cell Head contains nucleus and mitochondria Tail Sperm cells swim towards the egg to carry out fertilisation. They have a tail to enable them to swim and many mitochondia for producing energy. Twig: Sperm cell

Egg cell (ovum) Made in the ovaries of mammals. Cytoplasm containing food store Made in the ovaries of mammals. An egg cell is large compared to sperm. Contains a food store in the cytoplasm for nourishing the embryo. Nucleus Twig: Egg cell

Ciliated cell nucleus Help to prevent dust and bacteria entering lungs Line the windpipe (trachea) Have tiny hairs called cilia Cilia sweep mucus with trapped dust and bacteria up to mouth to be swallowed cilia

Nerve cell (neurone) Longest cells in the body extension of the cytoplasm (axon) nucleus Longest cells in the body Transmit electrical nerve impulses in body Twig: Nerve cell

Red blood cell No nucleus Contain haemoglobin to carry oxygen around the body “Biconcave” shape for large surface area Twig: Blood

Palisade mesophyll cell Found in leaves of plants Packed with chloroplasts to trap light for photosynthesis nucleus chloroplasts

Root hair cell Root hair increases surface area for uptake of water and minerals from soil Thin cell wall so water can move in easily thin cell wall root hair cell membrane vacuole

Cell Specialisations Task Your teacher will provide a worksheet for this task Use your knowledge of cells to name each cell in the worksheet Write how the structure of each cell allows it to carry out a particular function

Cell Specialisations Task Check your work using the table opposite You may have remembered additional information!