Finish Protein Synthesis Activity Protein Synthesis Exit Ticket Objective: I can explain the processes of mitosis and meiosis. Agenda: Finish Protein Synthesis Activity Protein Synthesis Exit Ticket Notes over mitosis Mitosis Lab

Mitosis and Meiosis Cell Division

Why Do Cells Divide? _____________________

Mitosis ______________________________________________________ In multicellular organism some of these cells perform functions different from other cells.

The process of a cell becoming different is __________________. Under normal conditions once an animal cell becomes specialized it can no longer form an entire organism

When do cells divide? Most limiting factor in size is the size of the cell membrane. ___________________ as volume increases, cell surface area does not increase as greatly ______________________________________________________

Cell Division vs. Nuclear Division Cytokinesis: ____________________________________________ Mitosis: _________________________________________________ Note: Sometimes cells go through mitosis without going through cytokinesis.

Terminology _____________ - thin fibrous form of DNA and proteins Sister chromatids- identical structures that result from chromosome replication, formed during S phase

Anatomy of a Chromosome p -arm Centromere - point where sister chromatids are joined together P=short arm; upward Q=long arm; downward Telomere-tips of chromosome centromere q-arm chromatids telomere

Cell cycle - ____________________________ How Do Cells Divide? Cell cycle - ____________________________

Cell cycle has three parts: Getting ready to split Cell cycle has three parts: _____________ (interphase) mitosis (nuclear division) cytokinesis (cytoplasm division)

Interphase Occurs between divisions _________________ 3 stages

Interphase G1 or Gap 1 The cell just finished dividing so in Gap 1 the cell is recovering from mitosis _______________________

Interphase S or Synthesis stage DNA replicates

Interphase G 2 or Gap 2 ____________________ Organelles are replicated.

MITOSIS Mitosis begins after G 2 and ends before G 1

Prophase ___________________________ Microtubles form The nuclear envelope breaks down

Metaphase ________________________________________ Line up along “metaphase plate”

Anaphase _______________ Spindle fibers pull one set of chromosomes to each pole ____________________________________

Nuclear envelope form around chromosomes __________________ Telophase Nuclear envelope form around chromosomes __________________ ____________ animals - pinching of plasma membrane