Characteristics of Life What characteristics must something have in order to be considered living?

Biology Living things are classified into five kingdoms: Animals Plants Fungi Protists Bacteria The study of living things Bio = life -ology = study of

Living vs. Nonliving Living Biotic Called Organisms Made up of cells (Unicellular and multicellular) Examples: Plants, Animals, People

Nonliving Abiotic Examples: Soil, Rocks Water, Air

1. Living things require energy The ability to do work. Where do we get our energy? Producers vs. Consumers Metabolism: Sum of all chemical rxn’s that take in & transform energy & materials from the environment. The sun is the ultimate source of energy

2. Grow and Develop Growth: Increase in the amount of living material in an organism. Caused by cell division Development: Series of changes an organism goes through to reach maturity. Caused by cell division and cell differentiation Ex. Puberty and Metamorphosis

3. Homeostasis Maintaining balance or a steady state internally, regardless of external changes. Examples: Body Temperature Glucose (sugar) pH balance

4. Display Organization Cells shows how organized the body is. Atom -> Molecule -> Cells -> Tissues -> Organs -> Systems -> YOU!! Cell: Basic organizational unit of life Contain special structures called organelles that carry out the life processes of the cell Unicellular: Made up of only one cell Multicellular: Made up of more than one cell

5. Reproduction Having offspring Organisms transmit hereditary information in a molecule called DNA: DNA -> Genes -> Chromosomes - > Nucleus -> Cell

Two kinds of reproduction… Sexual: 2 Parents Sperm + egg -> zygote Offspring is a combination of both parents Offspring is different from parents; variation Example: Meiosis

Asexual: 1 parent Offspring is identical to parent Offspring are identical to each other; no variation Example: Binary Fission, Budding, Cloning, Mitosis

6. Response to the Environment Living organisms respond to stimuli A physical or chemical change in the internal or external environment Example: Dilation of pupils, shivering to keep warm. Stimulus: Condition in the environment that causes an organism to adjust Response: Reaction to a stimulus

Adaptation Organisms change (evolve) over time. Natural Selection: organisms with favorable traits will live longer and pass those traits to their offspring Increases an organisms odds of survival in a changing world/environment Example: Color change, thicker fur, speed, etc.

STERNGRR FLIP CHART Paper, Scissors, Pencil

Synthesis Transport Excretion Regulation Nutrition Growth Respiration Reproduction

Synthesis Creating larger molecules from smaller ones. Examples: Photosynthesis Protein Synthesis

Transport Moving materials throughout an organisms system Transport includes: Circulation for many cells Circulatory System Absorption for single cells Diffusion Osmosis

Excretion The removal of waste. How does an organism get rid of waste? Diffusion, Osmosis Organs, Organ systems

Regulation Maintaining an internal balance (AKA homeostasis) Controlling and regulating various activities by: Cell communication, sense Examples: Nervous system, Hormones

Nutrition Gathering and eating the food sources needed to create energy Living things MUST obtain energy and nutrients from the environment: Two ways to get energy: Autotroph: make their own food (glucose) Heterotroph: cannot make their own food (glucose) Two ways to get material Producers: get carbon from CO2 Consumers: get carbon from producers

Growth Increasing in size & changing into a better form. Development is a change in form from child to adult Involves an increase in: Number of cells (multicellular) Size of cells (unicellular)

Respiration The act of breaking the food down into energy. Two types: Anaerobic: Does NOT use oxygen Aerobic: Uses oxygen

Reproduction Asexual and sexual Internal and External Fertilization Eggs and Live Birth

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Scientists discovered a new “organism” called a floop Scientists discovered a new “organism” called a floop.  Floops are able to divide into new organisms and produce their own food.   What 2 characteristics of life do floops exhibit?   Can you be sure that a floop is a living thing? Why or why not?