Kingdom: Fungi

Characteristics Eukaryotic (enclosed nucleus and organelles) Some unicellular, most are multicellular -Hyphae= threadlike, chains of cells that make up the fungus. - -Mycelium =a group of hyphae that makes up the body of the fungus.

Characteristics Continued

Characteristics Continued Have cell walls No chlorophyll – not producers Heterotrophs (consumer, parasite, or decomposer) Many live in mutualism = both the fungus and the plant benefit. Come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and colors

Characteristics Continued

Fungi Reproduction Asexual Reproduction 1) Hyphae break apart and each new piece becomes a new fungus. (This is similar to what bacteria and protist asexual reproduction method?) 2) Spore reproduction – wind blows spores, spores grow into a new fungus if environmental conditions are favorable.

Fungi Reproduction Sexual Reproduction Occurs when special structures form and make sex cells that join and produce sex spores. The sex spores then grow into a new fungus.

Types of Fungi 1) Threadlike Fungi Found in soil/roots of plants Most are decomposers, some are parasites Reproduce sexually and asexually During asexual reproduction round spore cases form (sporangia) Ex. – bread mold, dung fungi, help to make tofu

Types of Fungi 2) Sac Fungi Yeast, truffles, morels Largest group of fungi Reproduce sexually and asexually Ascus- a sac formed during sexual reproduction that contain spores Most are multicellular (some unicellular) Some are poisonous and some are helpful to humans (medicine and food) Ex. Yeast, truffles, morels

Types of Fungi 3)Club Fungi - Known for the clublike structures that hyphae form underground (basidia). - Reproduce sexually EX. Mushrooms, bracket fungi, puffballs, and smuts

Types of Fungi 4) Imperfect Fungi –do not fit anywhere else - Reproduce asexually - Most are parasites that cause disease in plants and animals. - Some are beneficial –make cheese, soy sauce citric acid Ex. Athlete’s foot (ringworm fungus) and Penicillium

Odd Organism Out, But In Lichens Combination of fungus and alga (protist) that grow together. Alga lives inside of the fungus Mutualistic relationship Producer Grow in dry, wet, cold, or hot, rocky environments Help breakdown rock and make soil