Classification: Four Criteria to Distinguish Among Kingdoms

Bell Ringer Answer these questions: What variable is on the x-axis? Silently write the learning targets at the top of the page LEARNING TARGET: Learn how to classify organisms and how to distinguish between scientific kingdoms Answer these questions: What variable is on the x-axis? What variable is on the y-axis? Which pH are the bacteria best adapted to?

Agenda Bell Ringer (5 minutes) Turn and Talk (5 minutes) Class Discussion(15 minutes) Notebook Output (5 minutes) Group Work (35 minutes) Independent Practice (15 minutes) Exit Quiz (10 minutes)

Norms for Today TALK to each other about our science content today! I should hear everyone’s voices You know we talk that science talk, science talk

Turn and Talk Scientists have discovered a new organism deep in the ocean. The new organism is very odd and needs to be classified in order to better understand it. The organism is unicellular and eukaryotic, it does not have a cell wall, and it feeds on other organisms. Based on this description of the organism, which kingdom do you think it belongs in? Plantae Animalia Fungi Protista Eubacteria Archaebacteria

Four Criteria for Classification Classification is a work in progress There are four criteria we use to classify organisms

Cell Type: prokaryote or eukaryote Cell Structure: cell wall and organelles Number of Cells: multicellular or unicellular Mode of Nutrition: heterotroph or autotroph

Student, what do you notice is similar about the first 3 criteria? Student, why do you think characteristics of an organisms cells are used to classify them? Student, can you unpack what Student said? Student, can you either defend or challenge what Student said?

Student, how can you tell if something is a prokaryote or a eukaryote? Student, can you support what Student said? Student, can you link what Joel said to the endosymbiotic theory that we learned about in evolution? Student, can you predict what kinds of organisms are prokaryotes? Student, can you predict what kinds of organisms are eukaryotes?

*******Paste or staple the table below in your notebook**** Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukarya Kingdom Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Do they have a nucleus in their cells or not? Prokaryotic (no nucleus)   eukaryotic Eukaryotic Do they make their own food, or are they consumers? Either heterotroph OR autotroph Heterotroph OR autotrophs Autotrophs Heterotrophs Are their bodies made of 1 cell or many cells? Unicellular Most are unicellular (Can be both) Most are Multicellular Multicellular Are there any other special characteristics about them? Asexual reproduction Live in extreme environments (salt lakes, hot springs, animal guts) Asexual and sexual reproduction Live in aquatic or moist habitats Most are terrestrial Sexual reproduction Both terrestrial and aquatic habitats Do they have a cell wall? Present Without peptidoglycan Contains peptidoglycan Absent Cell Wall contains Chitin Cell Wall contains Cellulose Rank them in the order that they evolved on Earth 1 2 3 4 5 6 Examples Bacteria, cyanobacteria Methanogens, extreme thermophilas, extreme halophiles Algae, protozoa Mushrooms, yeasts, bread molds Mosses, ferns, conifers, flowering plants Humans, lobster, worms, tigers, starfish Image

Notice the questions on the side, these are questions to ask yourself when you have to identify an organism

Classification Example Go through questions in table and write answers on white board to show thinking: Nucleus=eukaryotic; Consumer=not a plant, Multicellular, No cell walls=not a protist or fungus; giraffe=animal Let’s classify a giraffe. Here is a picture of a giraffe cell. Does it have a nucleus? Yes! That means it’s prokaryotic? No, eukaryotic. Which kingdoms could it NOT be in that case? Archaebacteria and Eubacteria. Does a giraffe make its own food or is it a consumer? It’s a consumer. So we know it must not be in the kingdom Plantae. Is a giraffe’s body made of one cell? No! It has many cells, so it’s multicellular. Do giraffe cells have cell walls? No, so they can’t be a fungus or protist. This means, giraffes must be animals! This is the thinking process that you need to use as you are classifying organisms.

Classification Example Thermoplasma volcanium Cell walls do not have peptidoglycan No nucleus=prokaryotic; one cell=unicellular; cell walls without peptidoglycan= archaebacteria

Notebook Output Scientists have discovered a new organism deep in the ocean. The new organism is very odd and needs to be classified in order to better understand it. The organism is unicellular and eukaryotic, and it feeds on other organisms. Based on this description of the organism, which kingdom do you think it belongs in? Explain how you would classify this organism. Write at least four sentences in which you explain your thinking process. Plantae Animalia Fungi Protista Eubacteria Archaebacteria

Group Work Work with your group to learn and prepare to teach your assigned kingdom using a whiteboard This will be a teach-off competition!!!! Your grade will depend on how well your classmates do on their independent practice! Use scholar voices and TALK TO EACH OTHER! Work with urgency- you have 20 minutes to prepare During this time, Ms. Mahoney will call you up to ask for your email, go quickly when she calls your name

Group Work Presentation Guidelines Tell us which kingdom Answer the four criteria questions Give examples, include at least one drawing Come up with a way to help us remember your kingdom! (For example, to remember endosymbiotic theory, I teach people to think of pac man)

Presentation Norms Listen respectfully to other groups Ask questions Presenters: speak clearly in presentation voices

Independent Practice 15 minutes -SILENTLY and INDEPENDENTLY -Each answer is worth 1 point; We will correct our work in class

HOMEWORK -Exit quiz handout -DUE NEXT CLASS