From muang to Arayaprathet History of Thailand From muang to Arayaprathet

“Muang” the unit of Thai polity Fortified settlement on valuable land Land and population Sacred feature

Arrival of Universal Religion Animism Hinduism Buddhism

Trade route

Srivijaya Chaiya Control peninsula trade Mahayana Buddhism

Dvaravati Nakorn Pathom Hinnayana Buddhism Central Thailand

Angkorean Empire Lawo-Lopburi, Phimai Hinduism-Mahayana Buddhism Central-Lower NE Thailand

Tai Century (C.13) New generation of states in 4 areas Lanna (Chiang Mai-Lamphun) Lanchang (Vientiane) Muang Nua (Sukhothai-Si Satchanalai-Phitsanolok) Delta (Suphanburi-Petchaburi-Lopburi-Ayutthaya)

Material Culture Irrigation System Architecture Sangkalok (Porcelain) Thai Alphabets

Patron-Clients Relationship Overlord and subordinate Vessel states-Tributary Relations Mandala Sakdina system

Relationship with Chinese World Becoming Tributary state in exchange with prestige, recognition, and access to market

Contestation in C.14-15 Ayutthaya expansion north to capture Sukhothai and Chiangmai Trade brought wealth and military advantage to Ayutthaya War and marriage links led to Ayutthaya Hegemony

Asian Entrepot Ayutthaya Control trans-peninsula route Center if exotic and forest goods from China-India-Arabia and Malay world Golden Age in C. 16

Competition from its neighbours Pegu on Burma Delta Lovek-Udong in Cambodia Pegu take Ayutthaya in the war of 1559

K. Naresuan Reestablished Ayutthaya’s power in Chao Phraya Basin By early c.17, warfare reach the point of stalemate Cities invested in brick wall and defensive cannon A secession of sieges failed

Balance of Power in C. 17 Ayutthaya spread its influence to interior states of Khmer, Lao, Lanna and Shan. Balance against Burma, Vietnam, and China

Age of Commerce Ayutthaya become a trade hub in SEA Perhaps the largest and most cosmopolitan city in SEA Settlements of Chinese, Viet, Cham, Mon, Portuguese, Arab, Indian, Persian, Japanese, Malay, Dutch, French and English

K. Narai and the crisis of 1688 Foreigner play a great role in Ayutthaya society as mercenaries, engineers, doctors and governors Exchange of embassies and new knowledge with French, Netherlands and Persia Allow Freedom of religion Phaulkon and court crisis in 1688

Change in Late Ayutthaya Society (C.18) Trade began to shake old social order Nai and Phrai relationship in decline Growth of a trading economy, market economy expand Trade with Europe decline while trade with Qing China and Malay world expand Decline of Military ethics Great Nobles try to become Phra Khlang (Trade Minister) to accumulate wealth and prestige Aristocrats challenge the absolute power of the King

The Fall of Ayutthaya Ava and Ayutthaya as rival capitals Competition to control peninsula After almost 2 years seize, Ayutthaya sacked by Burmese troops from Ava in 1767

Thonburi K. Taksin, repopulate Delta area in 1782 New capital at Thonburi, opposite Chinese town at Bangkok Revive economy with Chinese connection and migrants The coup by Phraya Chakri against “abnormal” rule of Taksin

Bangkok Empire New capital at Bangkok built as “new Ayutthaya” Territorial expansion to Kedah and Trengganu, Chiang mai, Vientiane, Lovek Resettlement people around the delta to help built Bangkok Redirect trade of forest products to Bangkok

Trade route to the East No trans-peninsula, now Trade with China (Rice Trade) Bangkok had large Chinese population in Samphaeng Area Early industry (Sugar, distillery, sawmill, boatyard, tobacco) Chaosua dominate market economy (rubber, pepper, tin) Influence of Chinese Art

Return of Farang New technology and threat of Colonisation “There will be no more wars with Vietnam and Burma. We will have them only with the West”

Idea of Progress and Civilisation Civilized-Siwilai Polygamy and Monogamy Discussion on Religion and Reason

Bowring Treaty British Demand “Free Trade” Chinese Trade disrupted after Opium War John Bowring, negotiate treaty in 1855 that reorient Siam away from China toward to the West Treaty abolish remnants of royal monopolies ,equalized the dues on western and Chinese shipping, give extraterritorial rights to UK citizen

Chulalongkorn reign 1868-1910 A period of great transformation for Thailand Modernisation along Western model