Romantic Period 1820 – 1900

Romantic Period Expressiveness more important than form & order Expressed emotion with little restraint Describes things like nature, a scene or a feeling Music given specific titles instead of being named by the form Growing use of folk music Beethoven is considered a transitional composer because his music transitioned from the Classical style into the Romantic style

Beethoven’s late period (1813-1827) Hammerklavier sonata written primarily from the summer of 1817 to the late autumn of 1818 considered Beethoven's single most difficult composition for the piano set precedents for the length of solo compositions (it runs for approximately 37 minutes, if the tempo is adhered to exactly) 4

Ludwig van Beethoven’s late period (1813-1827) Most famous work produced during this time was probably Symphony No. 9 (includes “Ode to Joy”) The last complete symphony he wrote (1824) “Ode to Joy” is a poem by Friedrich Schiller Original manuscript of this work sold in 2003 for $3.3 million in London 5

Beethoven’s late period (1813-1827) Grosse Fugue is a single-movement composition for string quartet famous for its extreme technical demands on the players as well as for its unrelentingly introspective nature Written in 1825 & 26, he was completely deaf Originally the last movement for String Quartet No. 13, but it was so demanding and unpopular Beethoven’s publisher asked him to write another ending 6

Beethoven’s late period (1813-1827) String Quartet No. 14 in C sharp minor Completed in 1826 Contains 7 movements Beethoven's favorite from the late quartets 7