American Foreign Policy Overview Chapter 17 Section 3 American Foreign Policy Overview

Monroe Doctrine James Monroe worried about European involvement in Latin America Revolutions in Latin America Spain and Portugal losing control in Latin Am. Other European countries may help Monroe says an attack on Latin American countries will be viewed as a security threat to the U.S.

Continental Expansion Jefferson- Louisiana Purchase 1803 Florida purchased in 1819 Texas 1845 Oregon 1846 Defeat Mexico 1848 to take S.W. Gadsen Purchase 1853 Alaska 1867 “Sewards Folley” Back Mexico to defeat French

A World Power Won the Spanish American war in 1898 Philippines, Guam in Pacific Puerto Rico in U.S. control. Cuba independent but under U.S. protection Hawaii annexed in 1898

Good Neighbor Policy Instability in Latin America Roosevelt Corollary- Policing Latin America Marines sent in to quell unrest Nicaragua, Haiti, Cuba 1903 Panama gains independence from Colombia U.S. builds canal

Good Neighbor Policy 1917- Purchase Virgin Islands from Denmark to help guard the canal All these things led to resentment by these countries “Yankee imperialism”, “dollar diplomacy”

Good Neighbor Policy 1930- FDR’s Good Neighbor Policy replaces Roosevelt Corollary to win over South American countries Monroe Doctrine is still a vital part of our foreign policy Warning against foreign encroachment

The Open Door in China Commodore Matthew Perry gains access to Japan Britain, France, German and Japan want the coast of China John Hay – Open door policy Everyone has access to China China stays a sovereign nation

The Open Door in China Others accepted but reluctant Japanese relations fell U.S./Chinese relations were good until after WWII Refused diplomatic recognition 1970s Nixon re-establishes relationship

WWI and the Return to Isolationism WWI pulled us out of isolation German U-boats League of Nations Created by Woodrow Wilson Senate did not approve Stay out of European affairs

WWII Rise of Hitler, Mussolini, and militarists in Japan Pearl Harbor “Arsenal of democracy” under FDR Most of the supplies came from the U.S.

2 New Principles Collective Security Deterrence Create a world community to protect against a threatening nation United Nations 1945 U.S. and Soviet Union emerge U.S. foreign policy largely shaped by Cold War Strength will discourage attack U.S. and its allies stay strong Have a strong military/weapons so we don’t have to use it

Resisting Soviet Aggressions Cold War – time of military build up, threats and maneuvering Stalin, Churchill and FDR agree to democratic governments by elections Stalin institutes communism in eastern countries Attempt to take oil fields in middle east and gain access to the sea

Truman Doctrine Turkey and Greece being pressured by Soviets Truman calls for economic and military aid U.S. will support free peoples who are resisting outside threats and armed minorities Containment Don’t allow communism to spread and it will die out under its own weakness

Berlin Blockade Soviets try to push France, Britain and U.S. out of West Berlin Form a blockade Supplies are airlifting in until blockade is lifted

Cuban Missile Crisis Fidel Castro takes over in 1959 Creates relationship with Soviets U.S. captures photographs of missiles in Cuba Creates blockade Soviets back down

Korean War Communist N. Korea attacks S. Korea Call for U.N. to back S. Korea U.N. (U.S. and S. Korea) vs N. Korea and Soviets Still no peace terms today

Vietnam Nationalists seeking independence from France Get aid from communists N. Vietnam (Viet-Cong) communists, S. Vietnam democratic (supported by U.S.) Eisenhower sends military and economic aid JFK sends more troops Johnson makes full war

Vietnam Nixon pulls troops out N. Vietnam eventually overruns S. Vietnam Socialist Republic of Vietnam Many question our political system

Détente and the Return to Containment Détente- Period of relaxation of tensions Nixon tries to improve relations with Soviets and China Successful with China Soviets continue to support revolutions Attack Afghanistan in 1979 Carter and Reagan return to Containment

End of the Cold War Reagan and Gorbachev work to end the war INF Treaty 1987 – Large scale disarmament Later, commitment to eliminate portions of long range missiles and chemical weapons Soviet Union collapses in 1991 due to economic and political chaos

Persian Gulf War Saddam Hussein attacks Kuwait Threat to Saudi Arabia (U.S. ally) Troops sent to Gulf region Backed by a UN military force Sadam forced out within a month Continues to try throughout the 90’s