Plant Reproduction Click to Enter

Flowers are the reproductive organs of plants Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test

Flower structure stigma anther style stamen pistil filament ovary ovule Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test

Flower Structure Quiz carpel sepal stamen peduncle What is the name of the structure labelled X in the diagram? carpel sepal X stamen peduncle Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test

Flower Structure Quiz stigma sepal anther ovary Where is pollen made? Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test

Flower Structure Quiz petals style nectary ovary Where is the ovule found in a flower? petals style nectary ovary Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test

Flower Structure Quiz X = style, Y = stigma X = filament, Y = anther Which parts of the flower are labelled below: X = style, Y = stigma X X = filament, Y = anther Y X = stigma, Y = style X = anther, Y = filament Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test

Pollination The pollen grain contains the male sex cell (gamete) Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test

Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma This is an example of cross-pollination as the pollen travels from one flower to a different flower. This is desirable in plants as it promotes variation. Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test

Pollen can be carried between flowers by insects or by wind Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test

Insect-pollinated flowers are adapted to attract insects to them to enable transfer of pollen Pollen has barbs for hooking onto insect fur nectar and a scent present Anthers positioned to rub pollen onto insects Sticky stigma to collect pollen Brightly coloured petals Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test

Wind-pollinated flowers are different in structure because they do not have to attract insects to them but do need to be exposed to the wind. Anthers are exposed to the wind so that pollen can easily be blown away Stigma are feathery to catch pollen carried on wind Petals are small and dull as there is no need to attract insects No scent or nectary Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test

Self-pollination occurs when pollen falls from the anther onto the stigma of the same flower Self-pollination is not desirable as it reduces variation Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test

Flowers will prevent self-pollination by either having stigma above stamen or… Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test

…by having stamen and stigma mature at different times. Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test

Click on the icons below to view the summary videos on pollination If the hyperlink does not work then copy and paste this url into a new browser window and you can watch the video then, url: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ge3EM8AERV0 Insect pollination (1 minute) Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test

Pollination is the transfer from….? Pollination Quiz Pollination is the transfer from….? the stigma to anther style to stamen ovule to filament anther to stigma Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test

The two mechanisms for pollination are? Pollination Quiz The two mechanisms for pollination are? Wind and water Insect and wind Insect and water Wind and birds Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test

Pollination Quiz Cross-pollination… Increases variation Decreases variation Is only performed by insects Is only performed by wind Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test

Pollination Quiz Flowers are adapted for wind-pollination by… Having bright petals and a scent Having a nectary Having feathery stigmas Having sticky stigmas Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test

Fertilisation and Fruit Development Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test

Once pollination occurs a tube grows from the pollen grain down through the style to the ovule stigma style carpel ovary ovule Note: Petals not shown in order to simplify diagram Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test

Fertilisation occurs when the male sex cell (pollen) combines with the female sex cell (ovule) and creates a zygote Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test

Watch this short introductory video to review fertilisation (1 minute) If the hyperlink does not work then copy and paste this url into a new browser window and you can watch the video then, url: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pVhH2GPlckE

After fertilisation the petals, stamen and sepals fall off. The ovule turns into a seed, the fertilised egg (zygote) inside develops into an embryo plant. Cotyledon: Food store Seed coat: Protective layer Embryo shoot Embryo plant Embryo root Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test

The ovary develops to become a fruit. Fleshy wall of the ovary (yes, you are eating an adapted ovary when you crunch into an apple! seed Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test