Etiology and Therapeutic Approach to Elevated Lactate Levels Lars W. Andersen, MD, Julie Mackenhauer, MD, Jonathan C. Roberts, MD, Katherine M. Berg, MD, Michael N. Cocchi, MD, Michael W. Donnino, MD  Mayo Clinic Proceedings  Volume 88, Issue 10, Pages 1127-1140 (October 2013) DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.06.012 Copyright © 2013 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. ATP = adenosine triphosphate; CoA = coenzyme A; PDH = pyruvate dehydrogenase. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2013 88, 1127-1140DOI: (10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.06.012) Copyright © 2013 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Elevated lactate levels (>4 mmol/L) in different diseases and its association with in-hospital mortality.9-11,40 The mortality in post–cardiac arrest shown here is calculated based on data from Cocchi et al40 and not specified in the original article. ED = emergency department. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2013 88, 1127-1140DOI: (10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.06.012) Copyright © 2013 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions