Bell Ringer Explain the reasoning by Pres. Truman for using the atomic bombs on Japan.

World War II on the Home Front How the United States supported the war

Recovery Need for country to industrialize & militarize War goods production increased Employment rates go up As men volunteer for the military, opportunities for others increase

The War Effort Citizens bought war bonds to support the war effort War Bonds: Sold by the government to pay for war industries

What are those posters designed to do What are those posters designed to do? What specific emotions do they touch on?

War Industry Production shifted from consumer goods to war goods What are consumer goods? (Make a list) What are war goods? (Make a list)

Rationing Many goods were rationed Done to concentrate resources for the war effort Gasoline, rubber, milk, sugar, meat, silk, shoes http://www.ameshistory.org/exhibits/events/rationing.htm

Women in the Workforce Many men enlisted in the military Women fill new jobs created by the war a. <<Rosie the Riveter Factories (planes, guns, tanks, cars) http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/american-women-in-world-war-ii/videos

Minorities in the Workforce Many African Americans filled production openings Had a harder time finding jobs than women

War in Arizona

Contributions Navajo Code Talkers Ira Hayes Mining Training Bases POW & Internment Camps

Mining Copper mining thrived Need metal for war effort Transformed central AZ and Phoenix

Training Bases Used desert to train troops for North Africa Most bases located in southern part of state Main mobilization training camp: Fort Huachuca

Prisoner of War Camps Italian and German POW camps located around state Papago Park POW Camp held an estimated 1700 – 5000 prisoners Dec. 23, 1944: 25 prisoners escape into the desert after digging a 176 ft. tunnel

Bell Ringer Identify and explain two things that were done in the U.S. to help with the war effort.

Internment camps

Question: Where did the U.S. government get the idea for using concentration camps? Germany Where did that influence get their idea? U.S. Reservation System

Validation Thousands of Japanese, German, and Italian Americans placed into internment camps Done so out of fear of treason

Enemy Aliens Immigrants from countries the U.S. is at war with Valid under the Alien and Sedition Act

German Americans

Why? Paranoia Strong ties to Nazi party or home country Some tried to go back to Germany Not fully naturalized citizens Most families able to stay in tact

German Heritage 1940: 1.2 million German nationals living in U.S. 5 million citizens whose parents were both German 6 million citizens with one parent who was German

Deportation 4500 Germans deported from Latin America Sent to DOJ camps in Texas, Tennessee, Oklahoma, Florida, & N. Dakota

Italian Americans

Conditions Pretty similar to Germans Came under suspicion because of Italy’s alliance with Germany

Detention 1942: 695,000 Italian immigrants in the U.S. 1881 detained Businessmen Diplomats College students

Japanese Americans

Issei & Nisei Issei (immigrants) deprived of traditional rights and authority Nisei (American-Born) given places of power in camps 5589 Nisei renounce citizenship 3600 Japanese in camps joined military 22,000 from Hawai’i and relocation zone

Treatment Worse than Germans and Italians Pearl Harbor a. Why? Pearl Harbor 10 Camps across the country

Executive Order 9066 Two months after Pearl Harbor FDR orders all Japanese to evacuate west coast Approximately 120,000 people relocated

The Camps 10 total Located in California, Idaho, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, Arkansas, & Wyoming AZ camps in Leupp, Poston, & Gila River Chose arid areas to limit escape opportunities

Korematsu v. United States (1944) Korematsu intentionally violated curfew and removal orders Was born in California Supreme Court upheld legality of relocation 6-3 in favor of upholding conviction

Supreme Court Decision Said that although racially motivated laws are immediately suspect this discrimination was valid due to loyalty concerns by the military Considered impossible to separate loyal from disloyal Dissenting justices claimed that wartime concerns not legitimate reason to suspend civil rights Conviction never actually overturned despite being seen as wrong