The Cold War in America 1948 - 1963

Warm Up: HAP-P As one of our outstanding historical figures once said, “When a great democracy is destroyed, it will not be from enemies from without, but rather because of enemies from within.” . . . It has not been the less fortunate, or members of minority groups who have been traitorous to this Nation, but rather those who have had all the benefits that the wealthiest Nation on earth has had to offer . . . the finest homes, the finest college education and the finest jobs in government we can give… I have here in my hand a list of 205 . . . a list of names that were made known to the Secretary of State as being members of the Communist Party and who nevertheless are still working and shaping policy in the State Department. . .

Crusade against subversion Communism was NOT an imagined enemy of the 1950s Ethel & Julius Rosenberg House un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) ‘Hollywood Ten’ Alger Hiss & Whitaker Chambers McCarran Internal Security Act, 1950 McCarthyism Senator Joseph McCarthy Army-McCarthy hearings

Eisenhower Agenda Federal Highway & Defense Act, 1956 Suez Crisis (1956) Hungarian Revolution Eisenhower Doctrine, 1957 National Defense Education Act, 1957 Sputnik vs. Explorer I NASA, 1958 U2 Crisis Farewell Address

Eisenhower’s Farewell Address This conjunction of an immense military establishment and a large arms industry is new in the American experience. The total influence – economic, political, even spiritual – is felt in every city, every Statehouse, every office of the Federal government. We recognize the imperative need for this development. Yet we must not fail to comprehend its grave implications. Our toil, resources and livelihood are all involved; so is the very structure of our society. In the councils of government, we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist.

MAD: Mutually Assured Destruction Bay of Pigs invasion, April 1961 Failed CIA attempt to depose Castro gov’t Cuban Missile Crisis, October, 1962 -13 day crisis

Berlin Wall, 1962 ‘Ich bin ein Berliner’ Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, 1963 ‘Flexible Response’

You Be the Reader! What made some responses easier to read than others? Which response was: 7/7? 6/7? 4/7? Why is it helpful to put your thesis at the beginning of the essay?

1. Who is the intended audience?   2. What is the point of view of the document and why (introduce background of the author)?  3. What is the author’s purpose in writing? 4. What broader national or international events or trends could this document be linked to (context)? 5. What outside information not mentioned in the documents does this document bring to mind? FINAL STEP In one concise sentence express at least 3 of the previous questions and tie to answering the prompt.