The Rock Cycle.

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Presentation transcript:

The Rock Cycle

The Rock Cycle Did you know that rocks don’t stay the same? They continually change form.

The Rock Cycle These 3 types of rocks continually go through processes that change them into other forms of rocks.

The Rock Cycle All rocks are made up of minerals.

The Rock Cycle There are 3 types of rocks

TYPES OF ROCKS Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic

The Rock Cycle All 3 types of rocks change into other types of rocks in the rock cycle.

ROCK CYCLE The rock cycle is a never-ending process of rocks forming, weathering, and changing into other rocks

ROCK CYCLE The rock cycle is the process of recycling materials in Earth’s crust.

ROCK CYCLE Rock cycle = Recycling Materials in Earth’s crust

IGNEOUS ROCKS Only rock formed directly from magma Magma = molten material

IGNEOUS ROCKS Processes Heating Melting Cooling Crystallizing

IGNEOUS ROCKS Formed from volcanoes or magma that cools underground

IGNEOUS ROCKS 2 Types Extrusive = EXIT Intrusive = IN

IGNEOUS ROCKS 2 Types Extrusive = Exit Forms when lava EXITS the Earth and cools

TYPES OF EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS OBSIDIAN BASALT

TYPES OF EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS Basalt = Mid-Ocean Ridge and volcanoes BASALT

TYPES OF EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS Obsidian = glassy rock quickly cooled from volcanoes OBSIDIAN

IGNEOUS ROCKS 2 Types Extrusive = EXIT Intrusive = IN

IGNEOUS ROCKS 2 Types Extrusive = EXIT Intrusive = IN Forms Inside the Earth when magma cools inside

TYPES OF INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS Granite is the most common continental rock. GRANITE

TYPES OF INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS The longer a rock takes to cool, the larger the grains of crystals in the rock become. GRANITE OBSIDIAN

TYPES OF INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS The longer a rock takes to cool, the larger the grains of crystals in the rock become. GRANITE Which rock took longer to cool, the INTRUSIVE ONE or the EXTRUSIVE ONE? OBSIDIAN

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Formed when particles of rocks are pressed and cemented together.

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Formed when particles of rocks are pressed and cemented together. Pebbles, sand, silt, or clay are sediments Shells and bones can also be sediments FOSSILS!

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Formed when particles of rocks are pressed and cemented together. Pebbles, sand, silt, or clay are sediments Shells and bones can also be sediments FOSSILS! LAYERS

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Processes Weathering The physical and chemical processes that BREAK DOWN rock at Earth’s surface

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Processes Erosion The process by which water, _______, _____, or _________ CARRY weathered rock or soil

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Processes Erosion The process by which water, wind, _____, or _________ CARRY weathered rock or soil

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Processes Erosion The process by which water, wind, ice or ________ CARRY weathered rock or soil

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Processes Erosion The process by which water, wind, ice or gravity CARRY weathered rock or soil

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS What are the 4 Agents of Erosion that CARRY weathered rock or soil?

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Processes Deposition = Deposit = PUT DOWN Put down sediment

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Processes Compaction = Compact = PRESS TOGETHER Presses sediments together = PRESSURE

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Processes Cementation = CEMENT = GLUE TOGETHER Dissolved minerals crystallize (harden) and glue sediment together

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Processes Lithification = Turning into ROCK The process where loose sediment is compacted and turned into rock.

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Sedimentary rocks may contain fossils

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Fossils are traces of organisms preserved in rocks

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Fossils tell us the kinds of different organisms that inhabited (lived in) specific environments during specific time periods.

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS If rocks contain fragments of bone, shells, or plant remains, the rock is most likely sedimentary

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS 3 types of sedimentary rocks

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS 3 types of sedimentary rocks CLASTIC CHEMICAL ORGANIC

CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS 3 types of sedimentary rocks Clastic = forms when rock fragments are squeezed together Shale made from clay Sandstone from sand Conglomerate from rounded rock fragments Breccia from sharp rock fragments SHALE SANDSTONE CONGLOMERATE BRECCIA

ORGANIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS 3 types of sedimentary rocks 2. Organic = forms from the remains of plants and animals in thick layers Organic = once living ORGANIC

ORGANIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS 3 types of sedimentary rocks Organic = Coal = remains of swamp plants A fossil fuel Limestone = coral, clams, oysters, snails have shells that layer on ocean floor chalk COAL LIMESTONE

CHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY ROCKS 3 types of sedimentary rocks 3. Chemical = forms when dissolved minerals crystallize CHEMICAL

CHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY ROCKS 3 types of sedimentary rocks 3. Chemical = Limestone forms when dissolved calcite crystallizes Rock Salt is the mineral halite Gypsum is used in drywall LIMESTONE ROCK SALT GYPSUM

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Sedimentary rocks are the only rocks that are formed ONLY on the SURFACE of the Earth – NOT BENEATH THE SURFACE

TYPES OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS LIMESTONE SHALE COAL

METAMORPHIC ROCKS Rocks that are changed by intense heat and pressure while inside Earth’s surface

METAMORPHIC ROCKS 2 Processes to create metamorphic rocks Heat From the interior of the Earth

METAMORPHIC ROCKS 2 Processes to create metamorphic rocks Heat From the interior of the Earth Pressure

METAMORPHIC ROCKS Metamorphic rocks can be formed from Igneous, sedimentary, and even metamorphic rocks

METAMORPHIC Transformations IGNEOUS METAMORPHIC GRANITE GNEISS

METAMORPHIC Transformations SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC SHALE SLATE

METAMORPHIC Transformations SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC SANDSTONE QUARTZITE

METAMORPHIC Transformations =

METAMORPHIC ROCKS 2 Types of Metamorphic rocks Foliated = layers or bands SLATE SCHIST GNEISS

METAMORPHIC ROCKS 2 Types of Metamorphic rocks 2. Non-Foliated = No layers or bands MARBLE QUARTZITE

WHICH TYPE OF ROCK?

WHICH TYPE OF ROCK? SEDIMENTARY CONGLOMERATE

WHICH TYPE OF ROCK?

WHICH TYPE OF ROCK? METAMORPHIC MARBLE

WHICH TYPE OF ROCK?

WHICH TYPE OF ROCK? IGNEOUS GRANITE

WHICH TYPE OF ROCK? SEDIMENTARY LIMESTONE - FOSSILS

ROCK CYCLE