Chapter 7 and Chapter 9: Ionic Compounds

Discovering Ionic Compounds What can you find out about calcium chloride.

Items you can test: 1)How it changes the boiling point of water 2) Concentration verses freezing point depression 3)Maximum concentration of calcium chloride compared to sodium chloride 4)Calcium chloride reaction with other solutions 5)Will it decarbonize a solution 6)Find the density and compared to magnesium chloride 7)Reaction with different metals in a solution form 8)Conductivity verses concentration 9)Heated solutions ,freezing time verses concentration

Items you can test 1) Energy produced from a calcium chloride reaction 2) Color of emission spectrum 3) Conductivity in a solution 4) Measure the density 5) Variables that affect the melting point 6) Reactivity with other solutions 7 )Reactivity with other metals 8)Weight of added calcium chloride to solution 9)Thermal changes based on amount of calcium chloride added

Lab Set Up: Title Objective Procedure Materials Data Conclusion - what you did, your results, what you could further test

Section 1: Ionic vs Covalent Compounds

Ionic Bonds: Bonds created as a result of one atom giving up its valance electron to another which then creates a strong electrostatic attraction between the atoms Facts: Formed from metals bonding with non-metals Exist as solids only (high melting points) Form charged atoms (ions) when bonding Some may supply oxygen for reactions (oxidizer) Make water conductive when dissolved into.

Covalent Bonds: Atoms share valance electrons Facts: 1) Bonds between non-metals and non-metals. 2) Exist in all states of matter and may have very high and very low melting points. 3) Make up most of the compounds around us. 4) Many burn in air or oxygen (reducer)

Why Atoms Form Ionic Bonds: Octet Rule: All atoms want to have ____ electrons in the outer energy level. Electrons are pulled from the _______ atom to the _____atom so that both atoms will have eight electrons in the ______ _______ ______ (what’s wrong with the animation???)

Sodium Chloride Reaction Atoms bond due to the electrostatic attraction between + and - atoms

Crystals are formed by the repeating electrostatic attraction of + and – atoms.

Metallic Vs Ionic Bonding Revisited http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bjf9gMDP47s&safe=active

Li:________________________________ Be:_______________________________ Valance Electrons: Electrons in the outer energy level that are used for bonding. Find the Valance electrons for the following using the electron configuration: Li:________________________________ Be:_______________________________ O:_________________________________ F:_________________________________ Ar:________________________________ HOW MANY ELECTRONS MUST EACH LOOSE OR GAIN TO HAVE 8 ELECTRONS IN THE OUTER ENERGY LEVEL???

Oxidation Number: Shows the charge of the atom during bonding Bonus: Find how many Mg will react with Cl using oxidation #’s

Textbook Problems Pg 193 (3-11) Pg 199(14-22)