English Colonization
New World Holdings
Reasons to flee Protestant Reformation Defeat of Spain Enclosure movement primogeniture Joint-stock Companies
English Colony Types: Royal – Subject to Crown government Proprietary – Crown delegated governance to an individual Corporate – Investors govern
English Colonies Corporate Virginia 1607 Royal 1624 Mass. 1620 Royal 1691 Rhode Is. 1636 * Connecticut 1636 * Delaware 1638 * Proprietary New York 1626 Royal 1685 Maryland 1633 * New Hampshire 1638 Royal 1679 N. Carolina 1653 Royal 1729 S. Carolina 1663 Royal 1729 New Jersey 1664 Royal 1702 Pennsylvania 1682 * Georgia 1732 Royal 1752 *Never made royal
The colonies
Population Growth
Chesapeake Jamestown = settlement, Virginia = colony, Chesapeake = region Virginia Company charter – 1607 Goals? Early challenges to survival The “Starving Times” 1695: 1,200 survived out of 8,000 Powhatan Confederacy Calm before the storm “Irish tactics” Indians had no econ value
Chesapeake cont. Headright system Make the colony more attractive Indentured Servants Women indentured -> slower pop growth Slaves too $$$ House of Burgesses Royal in 1624
New England September 1620 set sail 102 men, women, children (only 35 were Pilgrims) Church of England Separatists Leave for Virginia, end up in Massachusetts
Location, Location, Location New Plymouth Protected Harbor High Grounds for Defense Rocky and rugged Geographically condensed Terrain dictated a different economic structure from Chesapeake
Massachusetts Bay New England Company - 1628 In 1629, new charter changed the name to the Massachusetts Bay Company In 1630, John Winthrop, brought the charter and about 1,000 more people MBC Board moved to Boston giving the colony more autonomy
“A City on a Hill” The Puritans (Congregationalists) observed a simple form of worship Emphasis on education Each Puritan community established self-governing congregations Collective more imp. than individual Covenants – how did they distinguish Puritan colonies from other colonies? What was the consequence for failure?
Demographics 1650: 33,000 1678: 60,000 1706: 120,000 1734: 250,000 1762: 500,000 1790: 1,000,000 Lower mortality compared to other English colonies and England itself
English colonial life Influx of English goods results in colonies resembling motherland Glorious Rev cements rights of Englishmen “gentlemen” emerge and grow in social status and importance North more self-sufficient than South Land shortages = look west, not enough to pass on to children Coverature Ches. women had some property rights due to death