Chapter 12: Politics of the Roaring Twenties Americans Struggle with Postwar Issues
I. Post-War Fears and Unrest Fear of Communism/Red Scare What is Communism? a. Karl Marx—founder. b. Struggle between “Haves” and “Have-Nots.” c. Supported the violent overthrow of industrial capitalist governments. d. First tried in Russia (1917)
What was the Red Scare? 2. Americans feared that communists would try to overthrow the US government like Lenin and the Bolsheviks had done in Russia.
How did American React? 3. The Palmer Raids—From 1919 to 1920, Palmer and J. Edger Hoover began a series of raids on suspected communists. 100s deported w/out trial. Violated civil rights Never turned-up a conspiracy.
B. Fear of Foreigners/Nativism—“Keep America for Americans.” Many viewed immigrants as radicals/extremists. 2. Trial of Sacco and Vanzetti. What happened? 3. Ku Klux Klan (KKK). a. In membership. 1924—4.5 million members. b. Domestic terrorism.
4. Emergency Quota Act of 1921. a. Dramatically limited immigration. b. Only 150,000 immigrants admitted per year.
The Roaring Life of the 1920’s Chapter 13 The Roaring Life of the 1920’s
Bell Ringer 13.1 The 1920s saw a conflict between Rural America and Urban America. Identify 2 differences between Rural America and Urban America. Identify 1 similarity. Write in Complete Sentences. Underline your answers.
I. Rural vs. Urban Life Urban Rural
Section 1: Changing Ways of Life
I. Rural vs. Urban Life A. Rural Life Ending South and West Conservative beliefs Religious Ethnically Homogeneous
B. Urbanization Northeast US mostly Growing in size Mostly industrial Liberal beliefs Less religious Well Educated Ethnically Diverse
II. Social Issues
A. Prohibition 18th Amendment: 1920 Supported by Volstead Act Can’t sell, make, or transport alcohol in US Supported by Women South Religion Volstead Act Provided govt. funding to enforce, but not enough available Too much land to cover bribes
B. How did people get around Prohibition? Speakeasies Hidden bars and nightclubs Cops knew about them and did nothing
C. Bootleggers People that smuggles alcohol Organized Crimes Paid off police and court Al Capone 60 million off illegal alcohol sales
D. Science vs. Religion Fundamentalism Believing everything in the Bible is fact Tennessee had made it illegal to teach evolution in school
John T Scopes volunteered to teach evolution and arrested Scopes Trial John T Scopes volunteered to teach evolution and arrested Lots of sensation Decision: Scopes guilty Law remained in effect that it was illegal to teach evolution in school
Section 2: Women in the 1920s
Who are the two figures? (What do they represent?) Bell Ringer 13.2 Who are the two figures? (What do they represent?) What is the subject of this political cartoon? What is the purpose of this political cartoon?
A. Changes 1. Women WWI presented new opportunities, allowed freedom Media popularized image of “New Woman” Flapper Vamp Neither as widespread as people like to think
Then… Now…
2. Family Family changed in the 20s Birthrate down Birth control available through the work of Margaret Sanger Increase in standard of living resulted in smaller families
3. Children’s Roles Children spent more time at school Teens more rebellious Media influenced them New Music, Dancing, clothes pushed the edge Less time with family and more time with friends
B. Exceptions? Women had to face Double Standards Still responsible for housework, even if had job Still expected to manage family Also, had to be careful when dating or risk ridicule
Housework did become more convenient through technology Electricity Vacuums, washing machines Canned food and ready made clothes Led to more leisure time and possibility of job
Where could women work? Well educated: nurses and teachers Unskilled: typists, secretaries and clerks
Section 3: Education and Popular Culture
Education Education More students in high schools 2-4 million Industry jobs needed basic education
Bell Ringer 13.3 Harding and Coolidge Harding Administration Coolidge (p. 419-421) Coolidge Administration (p.422-424) Similarities
Music Music changed Jazz came on the scene Challenged status quo Caused people to dance…together…
Mass Media/Technology More newspapers National Magazines become popular Readers Digest Time Life
Radio Most powerful way to communicate news, events and entertainment Advertisements
Mass Media Heroes Babe Ruth Charles Lindbergh
Entertainment and Art Lots of new and exciting art in the 20’s Jazz Singer: 1st movie with sound 1927 Disney makes first animated cartoon: Steamboat Willy http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BBgghnQF6E4
Writing New Themes Isolation Had been wounded in war Live for today Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby (excess of Americans after war)
Leisure Time By 1929 America spending 4.5 billion on leisure time New Fads: Crosswords Cards Egyptian goods Flagpole sitting Dance marathons
Section 4: Harlem Renaissance
Section 4: Harlem Renaissance African Americans get a voice in 1920’s 1910-20:Great Migration By 1929 40% of A.A. live in cities Faced racism, but better then South
Renaissance: Rebirth Literature, Art, Painting Exposed America to “Black” culture
Civil Rights Movement 1909 NAACP started by Dubois and Johnson Used legislation and publications like: “The Crisis” to make case known Goal=Legally End Segregation
Black Pride and Nationalism Led by Marcus Garvey Establish a colony in Africa
Who were the musicians of the Harlem Renaissance? Billie Holiday http://youtu.be/x6RwSsHSIfs Louis Armstrong http://youtu.be/CqujvTl5zns http://youtu.be/gDrzKBF6gDU Dizzy Gillespie Bessie Smith http://youtu.be/8Who6fTHJ34
Who were the Writers of the Harlem Renaissance? Claude McCay: novelist and poet Langston Hughes: Poet http://youtu.be/pZPNQK3k8Yo Zora Hurston: told the life of a A.A. woman
Notes/Important Facts Reading: Henry Ford Topic (paragraph) Notes/Important Facts Summary >8 Words New Vocabulary Paragraph #1 Paragraph #2 Paragraph #3 Paragraph #4 Paragraph #5 Paragraph #6 Paragraph #7