Now Britain Is All Alone! With the fall of France, real American neutrality ends…

U. S. Lend-Lease Act, 1941 Great Britain.........................$31 billion Soviet Union..........................$11 billion France..................................$3 billion China..................................$1.5 billion Other European......................$500 million South America.......................$400 million The amount totaled: $48,601,365,000

Lend-Lease

Battle of Britain: The “Blitz”

Battle of Britain: The “Blitz”

The London “Tube”: Air Raid Shelters during the Blitz

The Royal Air Force

British Prime Minister Winston Churchill

The Atlantic Charter A meeting of Roosevelt and Churchill off the coast of Newfoundland (USS Augusta)They sign treaty of friendship in August 1941. It solidifies their alliance. It est. a blueprint for post-war world Fashioned after Wilson’s 14 Points. Calls for League of Nations type organization.

Operation Barbarossa: Hitler’s Biggest Mistake

Operation Barbarossa: June 22, 1941 3,000,000 German soldiers. 3,400 tanks.

So what leads to Pearl Harbor? FDR secretly promises Churchill that the US would try to “force an ‘incident’ that could lead to war” with Germany fall of 1941 the Merchant fleet is armed and expected to use “active defense” October, German sub sinks the Reuben James and American destroyer

FDR is focused on Germany, and seeks to avoid a crisis with Japan… the Panay, an American gunboat is destroyed on the Yangtze River To continue building their empire, the Japanese needed steel, oil, heavy equipment and machine parts… and their primary supplier was the US

To prevent further Japanese expansion, the Roosevelt administration placed an embargo on certain goods.. When the Japanese move against Indochina in April 1941 (French colonies) the US freeze all assets in the US and block shipments of scrap iron and aviation fuel

The Japanese request a meeting with FDR, and he agrees provided that they withdraw from China and Indochina… talks are conducted at a lower level, but both sides brace for war… FDR expects an attack, but potentially in the Dutch East Indies or British Malaya (in search of rubber and oil) But instead they attack Hawaii, an American colony

December 7, 1941 18 warships sunk or badly damaged 323 planes lost 2400 Americans died FDR calls it “a day which will live in infamy”

Winston Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, Joseph Stalin The “Big Three” Winston Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, Joseph Stalin