Identification of Scheduled chemicals REGIONAL TRAINING COURSE FOR CUSTOMS AUTHORITIES OF STATES PARTIES IN ASIA ON TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF THE TRANSFERS REGIME OF THE CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION New Delhi, India, 10-13 December 2012 Identification of Scheduled chemicals Introduction Daniel Cardozo Consultant 1

By the end of this session participants should: Objectives By the end of this session participants should: Be aware of the difficulties faced in identifying chemicals - particularly by non chemists Understand the most common identifiers used for identifying scheduled chemicals 2

IDENTIFICATION OF CHEMICALS It seems elementary, but SPs should first of all to identify chemicals for controlling and submitting information to OPCW To control transfers and to collect data, chemicals have to be identified by Customs 3

Identification of Scheduled chemicals: Packaging Chemicals are difficult to identify for non-chemists They can be packaged in many different forms 4

Identification of Scheduled chemicals: Physical Appearance Scheduled chemicals cannot be identified purely from their physical appearance Mainly colourless or yellow liquids, like thousands of other traded chemicals 5

Identification of Scheduled chemicals: Analysis Samples can be taken and analysed at a lab or sometimes on site, but: Costly Causes delays Need appropriate equipment and expertise 6

Identification of Scheduled chemicals Sampling and analysis can only be for suspect cases or on an occasional random basis – cannot sample every chemical product being imported or exported Vast majority of Scheduled chemicals transferred for legitimate purposes Hence the identity will not be concealed But the importer/exporter may not be aware chemical is covered by the CWC. Hence on routine basis customs officers need to use chemical identifiers to identify transfers that need further examination. 7

Common Chemical Identifiers Name: Many different names for same chemical e.g. IUPAC name, CAS name, trade names, common names Chemical Structure Molecular Formula Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number UN number Harmonized System (HS) Code 8 8

Chemical Identifiers – Name (1) 102-71-6 Trietanolamina 102-71-6 2,2',2''-Nitrilotriethanol 102-71-6 2,2',2''-Nitrilotris[ethanol] 102-71-6 Alkanolamine 244 102-71-6 Daltogen 102-71-6 Ethanol, 2,2',2''-nitrilotri- 102-71-6 Ethanol, 2,2',2''-nitrilotris- 102-71-6 Nitrilotriethanol 102-71-6 Sterolamide 102-71-6 Sting-Kill 9

Chemical Identifiers – Name (2) 102-71-6 Trietanolamina 102-71-6 TEA 102-71-6 TEA (amino alcohol) 102-71-6 TEOA 102-71-6 Triethanolamin 102-71-6 Triethanolamine 102-71-6 Tris(.beta.-hydroxyethyl)amine 102-71-6 tris-(2-Hydroxyethyl)amine 102-71-6 Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)amine 102-71-6 Trolamine 10

Chemical Identifiers: Chemical Structure OH HO Unique identifier BUT Difficult for non chemists Not easily searchable Normally not included in customs clearance documentation 11

Chemical Identifiers – Molecular Formula C6H15NO3 Gives the number of each type of atom in a molecule NO information on how these atoms are connected Many different chemicals have the SAME molecular formula hence utility is limited for identification 12 12

Chemical Identifiers: CAS Numbers Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) is a division of the American Chemical Society. It maintains the CAS registry, a comprehensive database of chemical substances: over 60 million currently Each substance receives a UNIQUE CAS registry number with format xxxxxxx-yy-z 1 digit Up to 7 digits 2 digits 13

Chemical Identifiers: UN Number Used for the classification of dangerous goods being transported Useful in some cases but most Scheduled chemicals do not have unique UN number and are covered under a category with other chemicals which pose similar hazards

Other Chemical Identifiers Other systems for identification of chemicals available but most relatively complex and not heavily used by industry or traders, hence utility for us is limited. E.g. SMILES (simplified molecular input line entry specification) OCCN(CCO)CCO InChI (International Chemical Identifier from IUPAC) InChI=1/C6H15NO3/c8-4-1-7(2-5-9)3-6-10/h8-10H,1-6H2

Where to find these identifiers? Packaging and Labelling Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) Intended to provide health and safety data Can provide useful information on composition Normally includes names, CAS numbers and other identifiers

Critical Identifier for Customs Harmonized System Code

Thank you Any Questions?