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EQ: How did hominids adapt to survive? Unit: Stone Ages Topic: Hominids of the Stone Age EQ: How did hominids adapt to survive?

Historians call the time before there was writing prehistory. I. The Stone Age Historians call the time before there was writing prehistory. According to scientists, the Earth is approximately 4.5 billion years old. Humans have lived on this planet for about 4 million years and out of those 4 million years, writing was not invented until about 5,000 years ago. Historians call the time before there was writing prehistory. That’s almost 4 millions years of human existence that is unknown to us! To study prehistory, historians rely on the work of archeologists and the artifacts that they dig up and try our best to figure out what happened.

Paleolithic period Mesolithic period Neolithic period I. The Stone Age 2.5 MYA - 300,000 BCE Mesolithic period 300,000 - 35,000 BCE Neolithic period 10,000 - 5,000 BCE The artifacts that archeologists have excavated from this time period were primarily made of stone, which is how the Stone Ages were named. The Stone Age is divided into three cultural periods by archeologists: Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic. Lithic means stone in Latin.

Hominids are early ancestors of humans. II. Paleolithic Era Hominids are early ancestors of humans. Hominids are two-footed mammals, which makes them bipeds. 4 millions years ago our planet was teeming with life. It was during this time that the higher primates, including apes and early humans, appeared. There was a difference between apes and humans. Early human like hominids could stand upright, apes could not. Hominids are early ancestors of humans. They were bipeds which meant that they could walk upright on two feet.

What happened to the other hominids? What role did they play in our story of survival? As early as 4 million years ago, multiple species of hominids inhabited the earth. Many of them co-existed. Today there is just one. Us: Homo sapiens. What happened to the other hominids. What role did they play in our story of survival?

4 million years ago (MYA) III. Australopithecus “Southern ape” 4 million years ago (MYA) Lived in Africa Stood upright and walked on two legs (biped) Brain was about ⅓ the size of modern humans

He named her Lucy (after the Beatles song). Quick Facts: 20 years old III. Australopithecus In 1974, the first Australopithecus was found in East Africa by Donald Johanson. He named her Lucy (after the Beatles song). Quick Facts: 20 years old Biped 3 feet tall Long arms Large head

Less Is More Can two legs be better than four? Pick two students (biped and not) to play simon says Run Carry an item Do actions while carrying items Reach for objects Hide Dogde

Used early stone tools for chopping and scraping IV. Homo habilis “Handy man” Appeared 2.4 MYA Lived in Africa Used early stone tools for chopping and scraping Brain was about ½ the size of modern humans

Mary and Louis Leakey discovered Homo habilis bones in Africa in 1959. IV. Homo habilis Mary and Louis Leakey discovered Homo habilis bones in Africa in 1959. The first hominids to use and create tools. Closely related to humans

Please Do Now: Stand at back of classroom- new seats! (Kinda) Write in agenda Put it away Take out: Name Tag Pen or pencil Notes from yesterday Everything else should be put away Listen for instructions

How to tell a rock from a stone tool

Rock or Stone Tool? Stone tool

Rock or Stone Tool? rock

Rock or Stone Tool? Stone tool

Rock or Stone Tool? rock

Rock or Stone Tool? THE ROCK!!!

Lived in Africa, Asia, and Europe V. Homo erectus “Upright man” Appeared 2 MYA Lived in Africa, Asia, and Europe Use more advanced tools like the hand axe. Built huts Controlled fire Wore animals skin The first Homo erectus remains were found in 1891, before Lucy and Handy Man. The people who found the remains saw that this species stood upright and named it Homo erectus “upright man”

V. Homo erectus The first Homo erectus remains were found in 1891, before Lucy and Handy Man. The people who found the remains saw that this species stood upright and named it Homo erectus “upright man”

Think-Pair-Share Homo erectus were the first hominids to be found outside of Africa. Artifacts were found that points to their ability to control fire, hunt animals, build shelters, and make advanced tools. What can we infer from these two things?

What about cavemen?

VI. Homo neanderthalensis

VI. Homo neanderthalensis 400,000 - 40,000 YA Found in Europe in 1856 Shorter, stockier, stronger First hominids to hunt in groups First hominids to care for the injured and bury their dead Co-existed with humans for 10,000 years

Migrated around the world VII. Homo sapiens “Wise man” Appeared 200,000 YA Migrated around the world Learned to create fire and use a wide variety of tools Developed language Same species as modern humans (that’s us!)