Ancient Greece: Athens & Sparta

Journal Entry #4 9/15/2017 What % of land in Greece was farmable? How much of Greece is mountainous? Who do we consider to be the 1st Greeks, and why? Why were the Greek Gods & Goddesses Imperfect?

Intro 300 Clip https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mo-QziDiznU What does this tell us about Spartan Society?

POLIS=GREEK CITY-STATE Preview Examination of Athens & Sparta Two major Greek city-states; polar opposites POLIS=GREEK CITY-STATE How did War & Democracy shape their societies?

Sparta Military culture, seen in intro Hoplites- Spartan Foot Soldiers (pictured here) Conquered surrounding towns, kept captives as slaves, or Helots Outnumbered Spartans 7-1, performed manual labor

Role of Women Taught boys physical/mental toughness until age 7 Maintained very high fitness levels Enjoyed more rights than their Greek counterparts (Property)

Political Structure Oligarchy- Government ran by a group of people Sparta was led by Two Kings who were Military Commanders Council of Elders, called Ephors(seen here), made most of the decisions governing the polis

Divine Right thru Birth Type of Govt Head of State Decision Maker(s) Source of Power & How it is Acquired Length of Rule Political Freedoms Determined By: Monarchy King or Queen Divine Right thru Birth Death, Overthrow or Abdication Oligarchy Small group of Leaders Intelligence & Wealth thru Coalition or Consensus Death or Overthrow Oligarchs Representative Democracy (Republic) President President & Representative Group A Constitution thru Elections End of Term Bill of Rights Direct Democracy N/A All Citizens All Citizens thru Elections Anarchy No one has power over anyone else Ends when a Government is Established Each Individual (can do anything except organize)

Athens Democracy-Government by the People Athens originally ruled by Kings Replaced by wealthy Aristocratic families How did they finally get a Democracy?

Reformers Draco Huge gap b/w Rich & Poor under Aristocratic system Only way to stop unrest? Harsh punishment! Spoiler: Didn’t work Only made things worse

Reformers Solon Outlawed debt slavery Tried to reduce poverty by increasing trade All men could participate in the Assembly Only wealthy could run for office 1st Step, albeit a small one

Peisistratus Tyrant- Ruler who seizes power by force, claims it is for the good of the people Even w/Solon’s reforms, tensions remained Peisistratus seized power Ousted Aristocrats, Increased Trade & ordered massive Public Works projects Does being a Tyrant make you a bad person?

Cleisthenes All citizens could participate in the Assembly WORLD’S 1st DEMOCRACY FATHER OF DEMOCRACY! Created the Council (of 500) Athenian Legislature!

Athenian Democracy-Structure Assembly - included all eligible to take part - Voted on all laws & made important decisions Council (of 500) - Wrote laws which would be voted on by the full Assembly

Who were the Citizens? Free males, over 20 who had completed Military training “The man is by nature fitter for command than the female just as an older person is superior to a younger, more immature person.”-Aristotle “Citizens” only made up 10% of Athenian population (Sort of)

Duties of Citizens Vote in ALL elections Serve in office if elected Serve on Juries Serve in Military during war

Athenian vs. U.S. Democracy

Wrap-Up How did War & Democracy shape societies in Ancient Greece What are the 5 major types of Government? Form of Government in Sparta? Athens?